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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rev Bras Enferm</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">reben</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Bras. Enferm.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7167</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1984-0446</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Enfermagem</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">wj6cS8dvtqHdDMJGJHG5TPx</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0034-71672025000500163</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0059</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00163</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiopulmonary arrest in Primary Care: nursing team&#8217;s theoretical, practical and soft skills interferences</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
          <trans-title>Parada cardiorrespiratoria en Atenci&#243;n Primaria: interferencias te&#243;ricas, pr&#225;cticas y soft skills del equipo de enfermer&#237;a</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8826-6182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Caroliny Suhet Xavier</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>to the final review with critical</role>
          <role>intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-1737-1646</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Anacleto</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriele de Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>to the final review with critical</role>
          <role>intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1499-833X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Agonigi</surname>
            <given-names>Regina Cavalcante</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>to the final review with critical</role>
          <role>intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7121-4493</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Vanessa de Almeida Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>to the final review with critical</role>
          <role>intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6469-592X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nunciaroni</surname>
            <given-names>Andressa Teoli</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>to the final review with critical</role>
          <role>intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>Rio de Janeiro</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>Rio de Janeiro</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de do Rio de Janeiro.Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>EDITOR IN CHIEF:</label>
          <p> Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>ASSOCIATE EDITOR:</label>
          <p> Dulce Barbosa</p>
        </fn>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Caroliny Suhet Xavier Ferreira, E-mail: <email>carolinysuhet@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>78</volume>
      <issue>05</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250059</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>to identify the determining factors and soft skills that interfere with the nursing team&#8217;s care for people in cardiorespiratory arrest in the Family Health Strategy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>exploratory and descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. Thirty-five nursing professionals from two Primary Health Care units in the Brazilian capital were interviewed between March and June 2023. A categorical thematic content analysis was carried out.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>three categories emerged: 1. Knowledge and experience as determining factors in assisting people in cardiorespiratory arrest; 2. Macro and micro work processes in Primary Health Care: from users&#8217; arrival to advanced life support; 3. Soft skills.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Final Considerations:</title>
          <p>theoretical knowledge, experience and work processes in Primary Health Care are decisive. Soft skills include leadership and communication. Continuing education strategies adapted to Primary Health Care that value soft skills are recommended.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
        <title>RESUMEN</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>identificar los factores determinantes y las <italic>soft skills</italic> que interfieren en la atenci&#243;n del equipo de enfermer&#237;a a las personas en paro cardiorrespiratorio en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>investigaci&#243;n exploratoria y descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo. Se entrevist&#243; a treinta y cinco profesionales de enfermer&#237;a de dos unidades de Atenci&#243;n Primaria de Salud de una capital brasile&#241;a entre marzo y junio de 2023. Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de contenido tem&#225;tico categ&#243;rico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>emergieron tres categor&#237;as: 1. Conocimiento y experiencia como factores determinantes en la atenci&#243;n a las personas en parada cardiorrespiratoria; 2. Macro y micro procesos de trabajo en Atenci&#243;n Primaria de Salud: desde la llegada del usuario hasta el soporte vital avanzado; 3. Habilidades comportamentales: <italic>soft skills</italic>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Consideraciones Finales:</title>
          <p>los conocimientos te&#243;ricos, la experiencia y el proceso de trabajo en Atenci&#243;n Primaria son decisivos. Las <italic>soft skills</italic> incluyen liderazgo y comunicaci&#243;n. Se recomiendan estrategias de formaci&#243;n continua adaptadas a la Atenci&#243;n Primaria que valoren las <italic>soft skills</italic>.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Descriptors:</title>
        <kwd>Primary Health Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Arrest</kwd>
        <kwd>Nursing Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Nursing.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
        <title>Descriptores:</title>
        <kwd>Atenci&#243;n Primaria de Salud</kwd>
        <kwd>Paro Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Atenci&#243;n de Enfermer&#237;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Reanimaci&#243;n Cardiopulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Enfermer&#237;a.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAPERJ</funding-source>
          <award-id>SEI-260003/013302/2024</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>Publication funded by FAPERJ - Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SEI-260003/013302/2024 - Program Young Cientist of Our State).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
      <p>Caring for a person in cardiorespiratory arrest (CPA) is an emergency situation that requires a quick and efficient response. There is a consensus and a high degree of evidence that the faster chest compression maneuvers are started, the better the patients&#8217; prognosis<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The incidence of cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital setting in the United States and Europe ranges from 50 to 100 cases per 100,000 population per year. The variation depends on the emergency system quality and on demographic and public health differences<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>. In Brazil, this incidence is a critical statistic, since the recording of exact data varies according to different regions. It is known, however, that the main rhythm of out-of-hospital CPA is ventricular fibrillation, corresponding to approximately 80% of cases. The survival rate for shockable rhythms is 50% to 70%, when shock is administered between three and five minutes after the onset of CPA, while for non-shockable rhythms, this rate is less than 17%<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In an out-of-hospital setting, different studies suggest that community-based initiatives contribute to the faster implementation of care for people in cardiac arrest, in addition to improving survival and post-arrest clinical outcomes<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup>. These are community interventions focused on improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills among bystanders of a cardiac arrest, the Take Heart America and TAKE10 programs<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</sup>, Project HeartRescue<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup>, the Lifesavers campaign<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup> and the World Restart a Heart initiative<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In Brazil, such initiatives are still progressing slowly, both due to cultural diversity and health literacy and the complex and multiple organization of the health network at a national level<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>. However, Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a vital role in the implementation and assessment of actions with community approaches that bring together lay people and healthcare professionals, which can be translated into the initial response to an out-of-hospital CPA.</p>
      <p>Since they are present in all Brazilian regions, located close to homes and strengthen the bond between community and professionals, PHC&#8217;s professional skills can be extrapolated to the community context. Moreover, PHC is the main access to the Health Care Network and is also responsible for coordinating care for people in cardiac arrest situations, as it is part of the Emergency Network.</p>
      <p>The health actions developed in PHC have unique objectives that go beyond addressing a specific complaint or problem, as they consider subjective, family, community and social aspects, with emergency care not being their main focus. Caring for people in cardiac arrest in PHC requires preparation, adequate training, availability of essential resources and effective soft skills<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The recognition of the specificities of this point of the Health Care Network, associated with infrastructure, flows, training needs and interpersonal skills, can contribute to promoting effective actions of continuing education, organization and access to the necessary materials and clinical protocols that support the team&#8217;s work in basic and advanced life support<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>To enhance PHC role as a first responder to people in cardiac arrest and strengthen community-based actions in out-of-hospital emergency care, it is necessary to know the determining factors and necessary individual and interpersonal soft skills. Such skills refer to non-technical and non-professionally specific competencies that allow a person to relate effectively with others and perform their work effectively<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Soft skills are generally related to an individual&#8217;s behavior, attitude, communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence, associated with interpersonal relationship skills. These skills are also necessary for effective care for people in cardiac arrest, especially in primary care, where there is a family and community approach, and this type of emergency may not be frequent. Recognizing soft skills can be crucial to supporting the implementation of actions to continue post-cardiac arrest care and recovery.</p>
      <p>A scoping review that included 12 studies identified, despite the scarcity of literature, that leadership, teamwork and communication are the priority soft skills for professional care for people in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest situations<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>. However, this review does not include Brazilian studies or PHC units that make up the Health Care Network, such as the Brazilian Health System. This gap points to the need to understand these skills and their determining factors in PHC context.</p>
      <p>Thus, the present study is pioneering, and, based on the experiential approach proposed by Sidani and Braden<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>, it aims to contribute to strengthening PHC nursing as a &#8220;preceptor&#8221; in community training to achieve objectives related to rapid care for people in CPA situations and better clinical outcomes.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>OBJECTIVES</title>
      <p>To identify the determining factors and soft skills that interfere with the nursing team&#8217;s care for people in a CPA situation in the Family Health Strategy (FHS).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>METHODS</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the proposing institution and the Municipal Health Department where the research was conducted. The municipality name was kept confidential for the ethical preservation of participants and the units to which they are linked. The Informed Consent Form was obtained from all individuals involved in the study through a written form. Participants were identified by the letter E, followed by an Arabic numeral.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design</title>
        <p>This is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were used to write the study<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Scenario and participants</title>
        <p>The research was conducted with 35 nursing professionals (nurses and nursing technicians) from two health units with FHS teams, located in a large Brazilian city (over 1.5 million inhabitants). The health units were chosen through non-probabilistic sampling, due to the technical cooperation already existing between the research team and healthcare professionals from the units.</p>
        <p>Both units are close to emergency units (within a radius of up to 5 km), but occasionally serve people who are spontaneously needed in urgent and emergency situations. The researchers have clinical and teaching experience in the context of PHC as well as in caring for people in cardiac arrest situations and training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).</p>
        <p>Nurses or nursing technicians from the FHS who work in one of the health units defined as the study setting were included. Professionals who were away from their professional activities during the data collection period were excluded.</p>
        <p>No sample calculation was performed, as this is a finite sample, since data collection fields were the limiting factors. To reduce bias in participant selection, two different health units were considered and all professionals (n=59) who met the inclusion criteria were invited. The researchers invited participants personally.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data source, collection and organization</title>
        <p>Data collection took place between March and June 2023, through semi-structured individual interviews, in which an instrument was used to record participant personal and professional characterization and a script with six triggering questions, prepared by the authors, related to the object of study, divided into two major domains: the experience in providing care for CPA in PHC unit; and the critical perception of this experience with an emphasis on aspects related to human talent and interpersonal skills.</p>
        <p>Data collection was completed when all professionals available at the unit during the period defined for data collection were interviewed. The theoretical data saturation technique was not used to conclude the research, even though some responses presented a repetitive pattern, since the study intended to value participant&#8217;s individual and unique experiences.</p>
        <p>Data were collected individually after signing the Informed Consent Form at a location chosen by participants. The interviews were audio-recorded, lasting approximately ten minutes, and were later transcribed into the research team&#8217;s personal database.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data analysis</title>
        <p>Bardin&#8217;s methodological framework was used with the systematization proposed by Oliveira<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>: pre-analysis; material exploration; and treatment of results. After the interviews were transcribed, a quick reading of analysis <italic>corpus</italic> was performed to begin the selection of registration units (RUs), identified by means of phrases and thematic units. The material exploration stage involved the coding of 523 RUs, aggregating the construction of 21 units of meaning (UMs) and the recording of these units in tables (supplementary material). Then, the UMs were grouped into three thematic categories.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>RESULTS</title>
      <p>The sample consisted of 26 nurses and nine nursing technicians. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> presents participant characteristics.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Participant characterization in two Primary Health Care units, Brazil, 2024 (N=35)</title>
        </caption>
        <table>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="top">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" valign="top">Total n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Female</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">32 (91.4%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Age range</bold><break/>18 to 30 years<break/>31 to 40 years<break/>41 to 50 years<break/>51 to 60 years<break/>Over 60 years</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9 (25.7%)<break/>13 (37.1%)<break/>7 (20%)<break/>5 (14.3%)<break/>1 (2.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Professional category</bold><break/>Nurse<break/>Nursing technician</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">26 (74.3%)<break/>9 (25.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Training time</bold><break/>Less than 1 year<break/>1 to 5 years<break/>6 to 10 years<break/>11 to 15 years<break/>16 to 20 years<break/>More than 20 years</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">1 (2.9%)<break/>15 (42.9%)<break/>5 (14.3%)<break/>6 (17.1%)<break/>5 (14.3%)<break/>3 (8.6%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Time working in PHC</bold><break/>Less than 1 year<break/>1 to 5 years<break/>6 to 10 years<break/>11 to 15 years<break/>16 to 20 years<break/>More than 20 years</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (20%)<break/>15 (37.1%)<break/>6 (17.1%)<break/>3 (14.3%)<break/>2 (5.7%)<break/>2 (5.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Previously worked in hospital care</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">20 (57.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Witnessed a CPA</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">26 (74.3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Participated in a CPR</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">19 (54.3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Completed prior training in BLS</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">33 (94.3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Completed prior training in ALS</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">8 (22.9%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <attrib>
            <italic>PHC - Primary Health Care; CPA - cardiorespiratory arrest; CPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitation; BLS - basic life support; ALS - advanced life support.</italic>
          </attrib>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>From the analysis of categorical thematic content, four thematic categories were obtained, which will be presented below:</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Knowledge and experience as determining factors in caring for people in cardiorespiratory arrest</title>
        <p>This category is composed of 182 RUs (34.8% of the total RUs in the analysis <italic>corpus</italic>) and divided into two subcategories: &#8220;Technical knowledge and previous experience as determining factors for the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation&#8221;; and &#8220;Continuing education as a professional qualification strategy&#8221;. It encompasses four RUs: &#8220;technical knowledge as a booster of CPR care&#8221; (64 RUs); &#8220;previous experience in CPR and hospital experience as determining factors for care&#8221; (14 RUs); &#8220;non-occurrence of CPR and other emergencies on a routine basis in PHC&#8221; (33 RUs); and &#8220;need for periodic training of PHC professional team&#8221; (71 RUs).</p>
        <p>The following RUs highlight participants&#8217; statements regarding the thematic category described:</p>
        <p><italic>If you are not aware of that action, of the event, you cannot have any differential behavior.</italic> (E2)</p>
        <p><italic>First, you need to know and have mastery of the knowledge, and not just the professional, but all the teams involved, to master the subject. I think this is essential for excellent service.</italic> (E8)</p>
        <p>Professionals showed that having previous hospital experience or CPR experience is a determining factor for the success of CPA care in PHC, even though the period of experience was reported as between one and five years for the majority of participants (57.9%).</p>
        <p><italic>It&#8217;s a characteristic here. We have few professionals who don&#8217;t have hospital experience, who don&#8217;t work in hospitals. But professionals who graduated from college went into primary care, never had hospital experience, never experienced this, so it won&#8217;t work, the work there will be completely dysfunctional, it will be completely lost.</italic> (E10)</p>
        <p>Regarding the challenges of providing this service in PHC, participants presented periodic training as a determining factor:</p>
        <p><italic>Lack of periodic training, so in the municipality of</italic> [omitted for ethical reasons], <italic>there is a lot of turnover in PHC, so it would be interesting for this training to happen regularly, not so spaced out as it is. I think this could be improved and not focus only on healthcare professionals, but on the professionals in the unit, from the access controller to people who work in cleaning and administration as well.</italic> (E23)</p>
        <p><italic>Daily training, which we often can&#8217;t do because it&#8217;s too demanding.</italic> (E1)</p>
        <p>Although most participants stated that they had already participated in some CPR (54.3%) and had received prior training in basic life support (94.3%), their statements reveal their insecurity in providing this type of care in the context of PHC. One of the factors that participants attribute to this result is related to the perception that this is not a routine situation at this point of care.</p>
        <p><italic>Mainly because it is a basic care unit, so we don&#8217;t have to deal with this type of situation, let&#8217;s say.</italic> (E5)</p>
        <p><italic>Because it is not something that happens routinely. So, since it does not happen frequently in our practice, sometimes, if it happens suddenly, there may be some failure due to it.</italic> (E11)</p>
        <p><italic>Since we don&#8217;t experience this often, it can sometimes be a bit complicated to have that well-qualified professional who knows exactly what to do.</italic> (E33)</p>
        <p><italic>Have continuous training, because, as it is not a routine here, it is not something that happens all the time, so professionals end up not having the agility for the situation.</italic> (E9)</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Macro and micro work processes in Primary Health Care: from users&#8217; arrival to advanced life support</title>
        <p>This category presents the work process as a determining factor in the care of people in cardiac arrest. Composed of 159 RUs (30.4% of the total RUs), it was constructed from subcategories entitled: &#8220;Macroprocesses: service routine, work demand and material and structural resources&#8221;; and &#8220;Microprocesses: work environment organization for the care of people in cardiorespiratory arrest&#8221;. Its composition includes six RUs, described below.</p>
        <p>The &#8220;availability of material and adequate physical structure at the BHU&#8221; (84 RUs) UM encompasses participants&#8217; statements regarding the need for materials and infrastructure so that the service is provided quickly and efficiently:</p>
        <p><italic>First thing, organization of materials and medicines, and that the entire team is aware of where the materials are.</italic> (E11)</p>
        <p><italic>Knowing where the materials are, the structure of the unit, having materials available, easy location, easy access, visualization, those things.</italic> (E14)</p>
        <p>The &#8220;service routine and work process in PHC&#8221; (13 RUs) and &#8220;work demand in PHC routine&#8221; (seven RUs) UMs highlight the service routine as a determining factor for care, in addition to showing that work demand also interferes in this process:</p>
        <p><italic>Here, for instance, there is a very high turnover of professionals, so we don&#8217;t know how prepared they are.</italic> (E18)</p>
        <p><italic>We are in the office doing prenatal care, childcare, preventive care, and then we send a patient who is feeling unwell, and then we have to rush down to determine whether it is a seizure or not. It is difficult for the staff who receive care down there.</italic> (E22)</p>
        <p>The &#8220;sector organization and flow of CPA care&#8221; (32 RUs) UM addresses the micro work process inherent to the care itself, whose determining factors can speed up or delay care:</p>
        <p><italic>If you don&#8217;t stop and think, organize your thoughts to be able to complete all these steps, you won&#8217;t get anywhere, you&#8217;ll get stuck, and then you&#8217;ll disrupt the entire flow. Exactly, all the other steps.</italic> (E13)</p>
        <p><italic>So, like this, the parade, for instance, has to have a dynamic where everyone knows their role.</italic> (E5)</p>
        <p>The &#8220;lack of knowledge and disorganization of material and its storage as a challenge in service&#8221; (13 RUs) UM refers directly to the necessary materials and equipment:</p>
        <p><italic>Check that all the materials are complete and separated in advance. The professional in charge must always be making a checklist to avoid any complications during the service.</italic> (E8)</p>
        <p>The &#8220;early identification of the risk framework&#8221; (ten RUs) UM demonstrates that the organization of the work microprocess begins with the early identification of CPA:</p>
        <p><italic>I think what scares me the most when it comes to primary care is the delay that can occur when the patient arrives at the front feeling unwell and comes to</italic> [&#8230;] [the sentence is not completed by the participant]. <italic>We spend a lot of time in the office, right?</italic> (E10)</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Soft skills</title>
        <p>This category consists of 182 RUs (34.8% of total RUs) and is divided into two subcategories. Subcategory 1, &#8220;Interfaces between leadership and communication in cardiopulmonary arrest care&#8221;, consists of six RUs: &#8220;welcoming and qualified listening&#8221; (three RUs); &#8220;teamwork and good interpersonal relationships&#8221; (23 RUs); &#8220;importance of effective communication among the team for successful CPR&#8221; (ten RUs); &#8220;assignment of CPR leadership to a professional category, mainly nurses and physicians, or to those who initiate care&#8221; (28 RUs); &#8220;experience and preparation as essential factors for leadership&#8221; (18 RUs); and &#8220;leadership as an essential skill during care&#8221; (19 RUs).</p>
        <p>The following RUs highlight the participants&#8217; statements regarding the subcategory described:</p>
        <p><italic>Sometimes you are in a basic unit where you sometimes notice a difficulty in relationships between teams, between professionals and I think that at this moment, regardless of adversities, this cannot happen. It is about forgetting any adversity and focusing on what is happening there.</italic> (E8)</p>
        <p><italic>And I think that mainly communication between the multidisciplinary team is needed to act in this type of scenario.</italic> (E17)</p>
        <p><italic>So, I think that the nurse has to be</italic> [the leader], <italic>because the nurse is already used to this, is already used to managing everything. So, we already have this practice, it&#8217;s ours, because the nurse knows the procedure room, the nurse knows where all the materials are, the nurse knows all the technicians who are here, knows the technician who is good at getting a vein, knows the technician who is good at doing anything, knows everyone&#8217;s name, &#8220;so-and-so does this, so-and-so does this&#8221;. Not everyone, not all categories will know how to do this.</italic> (E10)</p>
        <p><italic>The leader? Professional competence, he becomes a leader. He is prepared, as I said. He has to have complete knowledge of what he is doing to guide us, the technicians, to do it correctly.</italic> (E31)</p>
        <p>Subcategory 2 &#8220;Soft skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Primary Health Care&#8221; is composed of five RUs: &#8220;the importance of agility in the success of CPR&#8221; (22 RUs); &#8220;having confidence to perform care&#8221; (ten RUs); &#8220;having emotional control during care&#8221; (28 RUs); &#8220;the lack of belonging of PHC professionals in the RUE and in the links of the survival chain&#8221; (17 RUs); and &#8220;need for focus and attention in CPR care&#8221; (four RUs).</p>
        <p>The following assertions corroborate the subcategory described:</p>
        <p><italic>I think proactivity. Agility so you can think quickly, so you can act quickly. Attention, focus. I think that&#8217;s it.</italic> (E22)</p>
        <p><italic>Calm. Calm and knowing how to reason, because in times of desperation, people get all worked up and it doesn&#8217;t work out. Unfortunately, in a super chaotic moment, you&#8217;re going to have to be the calm person; you have to have two calm people. Calm in the sense of knowing how to direct. Of course, there&#8217;s tension, but giving the command and knowing how to deal with it. So, I don&#8217;t think that&#8217;s even calm, let&#8217;s say, it&#8217;s really knowing how to direct. Security has to convey security to everyone who&#8217;s there.</italic> (E20)</p>
        <p><italic>Because normally, we guide the population, but the population doesn&#8217;t know that this is not an emergency or urgent care place. So, if they stop, they come here. It&#8217;s difficult.</italic> (E5)</p>
        <p>Chart 1 (supplementary material) summarizes the elaboration of the four thematic categories, including the RUs and UMs, obtained from content analysis.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>DISCUSSION</title>
        <p>This study presents the determining factors and soft skills in the care of people in a CPA situation in PHC. This is a context little explored for this type of theme and practice, but with great potential to reverse the CPA situation, since it is located close to the residence and organized in a community manner.</p>
        <p>Professionals&#8217; insecurity can be justified because it is known that the less frequent the contact, the lower the retention of knowledge and skills<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. Sporadic training may not be enough for effective action in CPA care<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>. Therefore, theoretical-practical continuing education actions are recommended with greater frequency and less intensity of new knowledge - &#8220;low dose - high frequency model&#8221;<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>In addition to the theoretical approach and practice of the CPR technique, our results indicate that continuing education strategies for healthcare professionals need to include plans that enable the acquisition of soft skills applied to the workplace and available resources, without imposing excessive pressure. Possibilities for innovation include the inclusion of patients and families to empower professionals<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>)</sup>, the integration of face-to-face meetings and the use of technologies such as videos and remote classes<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup>, the use of interactive games<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>)</sup>, and smart devices, such as cell phones/apps or watches<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>The &#8220;Macro and micro work processes in Primary Health Care: from users&#8217; arrival to advanced life support&#8221; category highlights the availability of materials, adequate infrastructure, service routine and work process in PHC as the main determining factors. The work demand in the unit&#8217;s routine, the sector organization and the flow of care for CPA, early identification of the risk situation, and lack of knowledge about the material and its storage as challenges in care stand out.</p>
        <p>There is consensus that the availability of materials and equipment is an indispensable factor in assisting victims of cardiac arrest. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the necessary supply and organization. However, insufficient materials or supplies should not prolong or interrupt resuscitation<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>. The actions performed during the initial minutes of CPA care are critical to survival; therefore, basic life support must be performed appropriately and quickly<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. There is, therefore, a co-responsibility between institutional action and individual and interpersonal soft skills.</p>
        <p>The last category grouped soft skills, which are soft skills - individual and social - related to the way professionals deal with others and with themselves in different situations. They are often grouped into three categories: social skills, such as leadership; cognitive skills, such as situational awareness; and personal resource factors, such as decision-making in stressful situations<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>In the context of CPA care in PHC, these skills can determine the efficiency of care, which changes clinical outcomes and professional satisfaction<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup>. In this study, soft skills related to leadership, agility, security, emotional control, focus, attention and a sense of belonging emerged.</p>
        <p>Participants pointed out leadership as an essential factor for successful care. Professionals with technical knowledge are more confident in leading the process in a qualified manner. The emergency care&#8217;s success team depends on the efficiency of a leader to guide the professionals involved in care<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>There is a direct relationship between the leader&#8217;s communication skills and the team&#8217;s performance, where effective communication, technical skills and good interpersonal relationships make up the triad necessary for effective leadership in conducting CPR<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>. As evidenced in the interviews, the literature also points to nurses as a fundamental link in team integration and organization, facilitating work processes, in addition to participating in the activities developed and providing theoretical support to members through continuing education<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Agility is required in clinical protocols for CPA care, both for rapid recognition of the situation and for initiation of CPR and early defibrillation when indicated. Agility is closely related to the safety of performing an action and the focus on what is being implemented. These skills become even more important in the context of PHC, since the health unit is not always prepared to handle emergencies.</p>
        <p>Advancing training with a view to promoting the acquisition of soft skills is a contemporary challenge that has been the subject of recent studies<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>)</sup>. In this regard, constant professional updating and the analysis of the incorporation of different methods for the development of non-technical skills in CPA care are potential fields for future research.</p>
        <p>Furthermore, including activities that enable the development of soft skills in care for people in CPR situations in PHC deserves attention in educational settings and public health policies. Furthermore, the facilitator of training aimed at continuing education for CPR must also rely on soft skills<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study limitations</title>
        <p>The study has limitations such as the inclusion of only two FHS units, which are located relatively close to emergency care units, which supposedly leads to a reduction in the experience of CPA care by participants. Furthermore, a methodological limitation refers to the lack of confirmation of the data collected after transcription with participants.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Contributions to nursing, health or public policy</title>
        <p>This research highlights the fragility of the development of soft skills among PHC nursing professionals for the care of people in cardiac arrest situations. In this regard, it is a current challenge to improve public policies and training centers with appropriate and innovative methodologies that enable the acquisition of non-technical skills for basic and advanced life support. Active teaching methodologies, especially realistic health simulation, can make great contributions to overcoming this challenge.</p>
        <p>The results of this research may support the development of interventions aimed at improving PHC professionals&#8217; theoretical-practical knowledge and soft skills, directing the continuing education actions of teams and the implementation of actions by stakeholders linked to the Health Care Network. Furthermore, this study points out the skills necessary for caring for people in CPA in the context of PHC, based on identification by the nursing staff themselves, in order to guide future studies that assess the different methodologies and outcomes related to CPR.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>FINAL CONSIDERATIONS</title>
      <p>This study identified thematic categories related to the determining factors and soft skills in the perception of the nursing team working in PHC in the face of CPR situations. The importance of leadership, effective communication, fast, agile and focused decision-making, and work process organization are highlighted as fundamental non-technical soft skills for the success of CPR in this context. The co-responsibility for the success of care for people in CPR situations in PHC is also evidenced by the need for the availability of materials, adequate infrastructure, service routine and work process organization. Studies that assess soft skills (behavioral and interpersonal skills) in different social contexts are encouraged.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <label>FUNDING</label>
        <p>Publication funded by FAPERJ - Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SEI-260003/013302/2024 - Program Young Cientist of Our State).</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available-upon-request">
      <label>AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL</label>
      <p>The research data are available only upon request.</p>
    </sec>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0059pt</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria: interfer&#234;ncias te&#243;ricas, pr&#225;ticas e <italic>soft skills</italic> da equipe de enfermagem</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8826-6182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Caroliny Suhet Xavier</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica</role>
          <role>intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-1737-1646</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Anacleto</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriele de Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica</role>
          <role>intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1499-833X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Agonigi</surname>
            <given-names>Regina Cavalcante</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica</role>
          <role>intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7121-4493</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Vanessa de Almeida Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica</role>
          <role>intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6469-592X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nunciaroni</surname>
            <given-names>Andressa Teoli</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica</role>
          <role>intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de do Rio de Janeiro.Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>EDITOR CHEFE:</label>
          <p>Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>EDITOR ASSOCIADO:</label>
          <p>Dulce Barbosa</p>
        </fn>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Autor Correspondente:</bold> Caroliny Suhet Xavier Ferreira, E-mail: <email>carolinysuhet@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>identificar os fatores determinantes e <italic>soft skills</italic> que interferem no atendimento da equipe de enfermagem &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria na Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>pesquisa explorat&#243;ria e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados 35 profissionais de enfermagem de duas unidades de Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de de capital brasileira entre mar&#231;o e junho de 2023. Realizou-se an&#225;lise de conte&#250;do tem&#225;tico categorial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>tr&#234;s categorias emergiram: 1. Conhecimento e experi&#234;ncia como fatores determinantes da assist&#234;ncia &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria; 2. Macro e micro processos de trabalho na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de: da chegada do usu&#225;rio ao suporte avan&#231;ado de vida; 3. Habilidades comportamentais: <italic>soft skills</italic>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es Finais:</title>
          <p>o conhecimento te&#243;rico, experi&#234;ncia e processo de trabalho na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de s&#227;o determinantes. <italic>Soft skills</italic> incluem lideran&#231;a e comunica&#231;&#227;o. Estrat&#233;gias de educa&#231;&#227;o permanente adaptadas para Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de que valorizem <italic>soft skills</italic> s&#227;o recomendadas.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Descritores:</title>
        <kwd>Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224;</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Parada Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Cuidados de Enfermagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Reanima&#231;&#227;o Cardiopulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Enfermagem.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAPERJ</funding-source>
          <award-id>SEI-260003/013302/2024</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>Publica&#231;&#227;o financiada pela FAPERJ - Funda&#231;&#227;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SEI-260003/013302/2024 - Programa Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</title>
        <p>O atendimento &#224; pessoa em parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria (PCR) &#233; uma situa&#231;&#227;o de emerg&#234;ncia que requer resposta r&#225;pida e eficiente. &#201; consenso e com elevado grau de evid&#234;ncia que quanto mais r&#225;pido ocorre o in&#237;cio das manobras de compress&#227;o tor&#225;cica, melhor o progn&#243;stico do paciente<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A incid&#234;ncia da PCR no ambiente extra-hospitalar nos Estados Unidos e na Europa varia entre 50 e 100 casos por 100.000 habitantes por ano. A varia&#231;&#227;o depende da qualidade do sistema de emerg&#234;ncia e das diferen&#231;as demogr&#225;ficas e de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>. No Brasil, essa incid&#234;ncia corresponde a uma estat&#237;stica cr&#237;tica, pois o registro de dados exatos varia de acordo com diferentes regi&#245;es. Sabe-se, por&#233;m, que o principal ritmo de PCR extra-hospitalar &#233; a fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular, correspondendo a cerca de 80% dos casos. A taxa de sobreviv&#234;ncia para ritmos choc&#225;veis &#233; de 50% a 70%, quando o choque &#233; administrado entre tr&#234;s e cinco minutos do in&#237;cio da PCR, enquanto para ritmos n&#227;o choc&#225;veis, essa taxa &#233; inferior a 17%<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>No contexto extra-hospitalar, diferentes estudos sugerem que iniciativas de abordagem comunit&#225;ria contribuem para que o atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR seja implementado mais rapidamente, al&#233;m de melhorar a sobrevida e desfechos cl&#237;nicos p&#243;s-parada<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup>. S&#227;o interven&#231;&#245;es comunit&#225;rias, com foco em melhorar habilidades de ressuscita&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar entre espectadores de uma PCR, os programas <italic>Take Heart America</italic> e TAKE10<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</sup>, o <italic>Project HeartRescue</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup>, a campanha <italic>Lifesavers</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup> e a iniciativa <italic>World Restart a Heart</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>No Brasil, tais iniciativas ainda avan&#231;am de forma lenta, tanto pela diversidade cultural e de letramento em sa&#250;de quanto pela complexa e m&#250;ltipla organiza&#231;&#227;o da rede de sa&#250;de em n&#237;vel nacional<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>. No entanto, a Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de (APS) ocupa papel vital na implementa&#231;&#227;o e avalia&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es com abordagens comunit&#225;rias que aproximam pessoas leigas e profissionais de sa&#250;de, o que pode ser transcrito para a resposta inicial a uma PCR extra-hospitalar.</p>
        <p>Por estarem presentes em todas as regi&#245;es brasileiras, localizarem-se pr&#243;ximas &#224;s resid&#234;ncias e potencializarem o v&#237;nculo entre comunidade e profissionais, as habilidades profissionais da APS podem extrapolar para o contexto comunit&#225;rio. Al&#233;m disso, a APS configura-se o principal acesso &#224; Rede de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de e tamb&#233;m &#233; respons&#225;vel pela coordena&#231;&#227;o do atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR, visto que comp&#245;e a Rede de Urg&#234;ncias e Emerg&#234;ncias.</p>
        <p>As a&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de desenvolvidas na APS possuem objetivos singulares que ultrapassam o atendimento de uma queixa ou problema espec&#237;fico, pois consideram aspectos subjetivos, familiares, comunit&#225;rios e sociais, n&#227;o sendo o atendimento a emerg&#234;ncias seu foco principal. O atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR na APS exige prepara&#231;&#227;o, treinamento adequado, disponibilidade de recursos essenciais e habilidades comportamentais eficazes<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>O reconhecimento das especificidades deste ponto da Rede de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de, associadas a infraestrutura, fluxos, necessidades de capacita&#231;&#245;es e habilidades interpessoais, pode contribuir para a promo&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es efetivas de educa&#231;&#227;o permanente, organiza&#231;&#227;o e acesso aos materiais necess&#225;rios e protocolos cl&#237;nicos que apoiem o trabalho da equipe no suporte b&#225;sico e avan&#231;ado de vida<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Para potencializar a atua&#231;&#227;o da APS como primeiro atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR e fortalecer as a&#231;&#245;es de base comunit&#225;ria no cuidado de emerg&#234;ncia extra-hospitalar, faz-se necess&#225;rio conhecer os fatores determinantes e habilidades comportamentais individuais e interpessoais necess&#225;rias (<italic>soft skills</italic>). Tais habilidades referem-se &#224;s compet&#234;ncias n&#227;o t&#233;cnicas e n&#227;o espec&#237;ficas de uma profiss&#227;o que permite que uma pessoa se relacione efetivamente com os outros e execute seu trabalho de maneira eficaz<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>As habilidades compreendidas como <italic>soft skills</italic> s&#227;o geralmente relacionadas ao comportamento, atitude, comunica&#231;&#227;o, empatia e intelig&#234;ncia emocional de um indiv&#237;duo, associadas &#224;s capacidades de rela&#231;&#245;es interpessoais. Tratam-se de habilidades tamb&#233;m necess&#225;rias para a efetiva atua&#231;&#227;o no atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR, sobretudo na APS, onde existe uma abordagem familiar e comunit&#225;ria, e esse tipo de emerg&#234;ncia pode n&#227;o ser frequente. Reconhecer as <italic>soft skills</italic> pode ser determinante para apoiar a implementa&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es de continuidade da assist&#234;ncia p&#243;s-PCR e recupera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Revis&#227;o de escopo que incluiu 12 estudos identificou, apesar de escassa literatura, que lideran&#231;a, trabalho em equipe e comunica&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o as <italic>soft skills</italic> priorit&#225;rias para o atendimento profissional &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR extra-hospitalar<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>. No entanto, esta revis&#227;o n&#227;o contempla estudos brasileiros ou unidades de APS que comp&#245;em a Rede de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de como no Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de. Tal lacuna aponta para a necessidade de se conhecer essas habilidades e seus fatores determinante<italic>s</italic> no contexto na APS.</p>
        <p>Dessa forma, o presente estudo &#233; pioneiro, sendo que, a partir da abordagem experiencial proposta por Sidani e Braden<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>, visa contribuir para o fortalecimento da enfermagem da APS como &#8220;preceptora&#8221; na forma&#231;&#227;o comunit&#225;ria para o alcance de objetivos relacionados ao r&#225;pido atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR e melhores desfechos cl&#237;nicos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>OBJETIVOS</title>
        <p>Identificar os fatores determinantes e as <italic>soft skills</italic> que interferem no atendimento da equipe de enfermagem &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR na Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia (ESF).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#201;TODOS</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da institui&#231;&#227;o proponente e da Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de onde a pesquisa foi realizada. O nome do munic&#237;pio foi mantido em sigilo para preserva&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica dos participantes e unidades &#224;s quais s&#227;o vinculados. Foi obtido o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido de todos os indiv&#237;duos envolvidos no estudo por meio de um termo escrito. Os participantes foram identificados pela letra E, seguida de algarismo ar&#225;bico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Tipo de estudo</title>
          <p>Trata-se de pesquisa explorat&#243;ria descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Para a reda&#231;&#227;o do estudo, utilizou-se o <italic>Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Cen&#225;rio e participantes</title>
          <p>A pesquisa foi realizada com 35 profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiras e t&#233;cnicas de enfermagem) de duas unidades de sa&#250;de com equipes da ESF, localizadas em um munic&#237;pio brasileiro de grande porte (mais de 1,5 milh&#245;es de habitantes). A escolha das unidades de sa&#250;de ocorreu por meio de amostragem n&#227;o probabil&#237;stica, devido &#224; coopera&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica j&#225; existente entre equipe de pesquisa e profissionais de sa&#250;de das unidades.</p>
          <p>Ambas as unidades possuem proximidade com unidades de emerg&#234;ncia (raio de at&#233; 5 km), mas atendem, esporadicamente, pessoas por demanda espont&#226;nea em situa&#231;&#245;es de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia. As pesquisadoras possuem experi&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica e de ensino no contexto da APS, al&#233;m de no atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR e treinamento em reanima&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar (RCP).</p>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;das enfermeiras ou t&#233;cnicas de enfermagem da ESF que atuem em uma das unidades de sa&#250;de definidas como cen&#225;rio do estudo. Foram exclu&#237;das as profissionais afastadas da atividade profissional no per&#237;odo de coleta de dados.</p>
          <p>N&#227;o foi realizado c&#225;lculo amostral, pois trata-se de amostra finita, uma vez que os campos de coleta de dados foram os fatores limitantes. Para diminuir os vieses na sele&#231;&#227;o dos participantes, foram consideradas duas unidades de sa&#250;de distintas e convidados todos os profissionais (n=59) que atendessem aos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o. As pesquisadoras convidaram os participantes pessoalmente.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Fonte, coleta e organiza&#231;&#227;o de dados</title>
          <p>A coleta de dados ocorreu entre mar&#231;o e junho de 2023, por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada, em que utilizou-se um instrumento para o registro da caracteriza&#231;&#227;o pessoal e profissional dos participantes e um roteiro com seis quest&#245;es disparadoras, elaboradas pelas autoras, relacionadas ao objeto de estudo, divididas em dois grandes dom&#237;nios: a experi&#234;ncia no atendimento &#224; PCR na unidade de APS; e a percep&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica dessa experi&#234;ncia com &#234;nfase nos aspectos relacionados ao talento humano e habilidades interpessoais.</p>
          <p>A coleta de dados foi encerrada no momento em que todos os profissionais dispon&#237;veis na unidade, no per&#237;odo definido para coleta de dados, foram entrevistados. N&#227;o foi utilizada a t&#233;cnica de satura&#231;&#227;o te&#243;rica dos dados para encerrar a pesquisa, mesmo com algumas respostas apresentando um padr&#227;o repetitivo, uma vez que o estudo pretendeu valorizar as experi&#234;ncias individuais e &#250;nicas dos participantes.</p>
          <p>Os dados foram coletados individualmente ap&#243;s a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido em local escolhido pelo participante. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, cuja dura&#231;&#227;o aproximada foi de dez minutos e, posteriormente, transcritas para o banco de dados pessoal da equipe de pesquisa.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise de dados</title>
          <p>Utilizou-se o referencial metodol&#243;gico de Bardin com a sistematiza&#231;&#227;o proposta por Oliveira<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>: pr&#233;-an&#225;lise; explora&#231;&#227;o do material; e tratamento dos resultados. Ap&#243;s a transcri&#231;&#227;o das entrevistas, foi realizada a leitura flutuante do <italic>corpus</italic> de an&#225;lise para iniciar a sele&#231;&#227;o das unidades de registro (URs), identificadas por meio de frases e unidades tem&#225;ticas. A etapa de explora&#231;&#227;o do material envolveu a codifica&#231;&#227;o de 523 URs, agregando a constru&#231;&#227;o de 21 unidades de significa&#231;&#227;o (USs) e o registro dessas unidades em tabelas (material suplementar). Em seguida, realizou-se o agrupamento das USs em tr&#234;s categorias tem&#225;ticas.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>RESULTADOS</title>
        <p>A amostra foi composta por 26 enfermeiros e nove t&#233;cnicos de enfermagem. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos participantes.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracteriza&#231;&#227;o das participantes em duas unidades de Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de, Brasil, 2024 (N=35)</title>
          </caption>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="top">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" valign="top">Total n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">32 (91,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Faixa et&#225;ria</bold><break/>18 a 30 anos<break/>31 a 40 anos<break/>41 a 50 anos<break/>51 a 60 anos<break/>Maior de 60 anos</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (25,7%)<break/>13 (37,1%)<break/>7 (20%)<break/>5 (14,3%)<break/>1 (2,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Categoria profissional</bold><break/>Enfermeira<break/>T&#233;cnica de enfermagem</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26 (74,3%)<break/>9 (25,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Tempo de forma&#231;&#227;o</bold><break/>Menos de 1 ano<break/>1 a 5 anos<break/>6 a 10 anos<break/>11 a 15 anos<break/>16 a 20 anos<break/>Mais de 20 anos</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (2,9%)<break/>15 (42,9%)<break/>5 (14,3%)<break/>6 (17,1%)<break/>5 (14,3%)<break/>3 (8,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><bold>Tempo de atua&#231;&#227;o na APS</bold><break/>Menos de 1 ano<break/>1 a 5 anos<break/>6 a 10 anos<break/>11 a 15 anos<break/>16 a 20 anos<break/>Mais de 20 anos</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (20%)<break/>15 (37,1%)<break/>6 (17,1%)<break/>3 (14,3%)<break/>2 (5,7%)<break/>2 (5,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Atuou previamente na assist&#234;ncia hospitalar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">20 (57,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Presenciou uma PCR</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26 (74,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Participou de uma RCP</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">19 (54,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Realizou treinamento pr&#233;vio em SBV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">33 (94,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Realizou treinamento pr&#233;vio em SAV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (22,9%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>
              <italic>APS - Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de; PCR - parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria; RCP - reanima&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar; SBV - suporte b&#225;sico de vida; SAV - suporte avan&#231;ado de vida.</italic>
            </attrib>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A partir da an&#225;lise de conte&#250;do tem&#225;tico categorial, foram obtidas quatro categorias tem&#225;ticas, que ser&#227;o apresentadas a seguir:</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Conhecimento e experi&#234;ncia como fatores determinantes no atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</title>
          <p>Esta categoria &#233; composta por 182 URs (34,8% das URs totais do <italic>corpus</italic> de an&#225;lise) e dividida em duas subcategorias: &#8220;Conhecimento t&#233;cnico e experi&#234;ncia pr&#233;via como fatores determinantes do sucesso da reanima&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar&#8221;; e &#8220;Educa&#231;&#227;o permanente como estrat&#233;gia de qualifica&#231;&#227;o profissional&#8221;. Abarca quatro USs: &#8220;o conhecimento t&#233;cnico como potencializador da assist&#234;ncia &#224; PCR&#8221; (64 URs); &#8220;experi&#234;ncia pr&#233;via em RCP e viv&#234;ncia hospitalar como fatores determinantes para o atendimento&#8221; (14 URs); &#8220;n&#227;o ocorr&#234;ncia de PCR e outras emerg&#234;ncias de forma rotineira na APS&#8221; (33 URs); e &#8220;necessidade de treinamento peri&#243;dico da equipe profissional da APS&#8221; (71 URs).</p>
          <p>As URs a seguir evidenciam as falas das participantes quanto &#224; categoria tem&#225;tica descrita:</p>
          <p><italic>Se voc&#234; n&#227;o tem conhecimento daquela a&#231;&#227;o, do evento, voc&#234; n&#227;o consegue ter nenhum comportamento diferencial.</italic> (E2)</p>
          <p><italic>Primeiramente conhecer, ter dom&#237;nio do conhecimento, e n&#227;o s&#243; o profissional, mas todas as equipes que tiverem envolvidas, dominar o assunto. Acho que &#233; fundamental para o atendimento ser de excel&#234;ncia.</italic> (E8)</p>
          <p>Os profissionais evidenciaram que possuir experi&#234;ncia pr&#233;via hospitalar ou em RCP &#233; um fator determinante para o sucesso do atendimento &#224; PCR na APS, ainda que o per&#237;odo da experi&#234;ncia tenha sido reportado como entre um e cinco anos para a maioria das participantes (57,9%).</p>
          <p><italic>&#201; uma caracter&#237;stica daqui. A gente tem poucos profissionais que n&#227;o t&#234;m experi&#234;ncia de hospital, que n&#227;o trabalham em hospital. Mas o profissional que saiu da faculdade foi para aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica, nunca teve viv&#234;ncia de hospital, nunca viveu isso, assim, n&#227;o vai rolar, vai ficar completamente disfuncional ali o trabalho, vai ficar completamente perdido.</italic> (E10)</p>
          <p>Sobre os desafios para realizar este atendimento na APS, os participantes apresentaram o treinamento peri&#243;dico como fator determinante:</p>
          <p><italic>Falta de treinamento peri&#243;dico, ent&#227;o no munic&#237;pio do</italic> [omitido para preserva&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica], <italic>tem muita rotatividade na APS, ent&#227;o seria interessante esse treinamento acontecer sempre, n&#227;o com tempo t&#227;o espa&#231;ado como acontece. Eu acho que isso poderia melhorar e n&#227;o focar apenas em profissionais da sa&#250;de, e sim nos profissionais da unidade, desde o controlador de acesso at&#233; pessoas que trabalham na limpeza, administrativo tamb&#233;m.</italic> (E23)</p>
          <p><italic>Treinamento di&#225;rio, o que a gente muitas vezes n&#227;o consegue fazer porque &#233; muita demanda.</italic> (E1)</p>
          <p>Apesar de a maioria dos participantes afirmar j&#225; ter participado de alguma RCP (54,3%) e ter realizado treinamento pr&#233;vio em suporte b&#225;sico de vida (94,3%), suas falas evidenciam a inseguran&#231;a em prestar este tipo de atendimento no contexto da APS. Um dos fatores que as participantes atribuem a esse resultado se relaciona &#224; percep&#231;&#227;o de que esta n&#227;o &#233; uma situa&#231;&#227;o rotineira nesse ponto de aten&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          <p><italic>Principalmente por ser uma unidade de aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica. Assim, a gente n&#227;o tem, digamos, o conv&#237;vio com esse tipo de situa&#231;&#227;o.</italic> (E5)</p>
          <p><italic>Porque n&#227;o &#233; algo que ocorre rotineiramente. Ent&#227;o, como n&#227;o &#233; que ocorre com frequ&#234;ncia na nossa pr&#225;tica, &#224;s vezes, se ocorrer de repente, pode ser que haja alguma falha por conta disso.</italic> (E11)</p>
          <p><italic>Como n&#227;o vivenciamos isso com frequ&#234;ncia, &#224;s vezes pode ser um tanto complicado para ter aquele profissional bem qualificado para saber exatamente o que fazer.</italic> (E33)</p>
          <p><italic>Ter treinamento cont&#237;nuo, porque, como n&#227;o &#233; uma rotina aqui, n&#227;o &#233; uma coisa que acontece o tempo todo, ent&#227;o os profissionais acabam n&#227;o tendo a agilidade pra situa&#231;&#227;o.</italic> (E9)</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Macro e microprocessos de trabalho na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de: da chegada do usu&#225;rio ao suporte avan&#231;ado de vida</title>
          <p>Esta categoria apresenta o processo de trabalho como fator determinante no atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR. Composta por 159 URs (30,4% das URs totais), foi constru&#237;da a partir de subcategorias intituladas: &#8220;Macroprocessos: rotina do servi&#231;o, demanda de trabalho e recursos materiais e estruturais&#8221;; e &#8220;Microprocessos: organiza&#231;&#227;o do ambiente de trabalho para o atendimento &#224; pessoa em parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria&#8221;. Sua composi&#231;&#227;o abarca seis USs, descritas a seguir.</p>
          <p>A US &#8220;disponibilidade de material e estrutura f&#237;sica adequada na UBS&#8221; (84 URs) abarca as falas dos participantes quanto &#224; necessidade de materiais e &#224; infraestrutura, para que o atendimento seja realizado de forma r&#225;pida e eficiente:</p>
          <p><italic>Primeira coisa, organiza&#231;&#227;o dos materiais e medicamentos, e que toda a equipe esteja ciente onde ficam os materiais.</italic> (E11)</p>
          <p><italic>Saber onde ficam os materiais, estrutura tamb&#233;m da unidade, ter materiais dispon&#237;veis, f&#225;cil localiza&#231;&#227;o, f&#225;cil acesso, visualiza&#231;&#227;o, essas coisas.</italic> (E14)</p>
          <p>As USs &#8220;rotina de servi&#231;o e processo de trabalho na APS&#8221; (13 URs) e &#8220;demanda de trabalho na rotina da APS&#8221; (sete URs) destacam a rotina do servi&#231;o como um fator determinante para o atendimento, al&#233;m de evidenciar que a demanda de trabalho tamb&#233;m interfere nesse processo:</p>
          <p><italic>Aqui, por exemplo, tem uma rotatividade muito grande de profissionais, a&#237; a gente n&#227;o sabe o preparo que eles t&#234;m.</italic> (E18)</p>
          <p><italic>A gente est&#225; no consult&#243;rio fazendo pr&#233;-natal, fazendo puericultura, fazendo preventivo, a&#237; manda um paciente passando mal, e a&#237; tem que descer pra correr identificar que &#233; uma parada ou n&#227;o. Dif&#237;cil pro pessoal que acolhe l&#225; embaixo assim.</italic> (E22)</p>
          <p>A US &#8220;organiza&#231;&#227;o do setor e do fluxo de atendimento &#224; PCR&#8221; (32 URs) aborda o microprocesso de trabalho inerente ao atendimento em si, cujos fatores determinantes podem agilizar ou atrasar o atendimento:</p>
          <p><italic>Se voc&#234; n&#227;o parar e pensar, organizar o pensamento pra conseguir fazer todas essas etapas, voc&#234; n&#227;o vai sair dali, voc&#234; vai travar, e a&#237; voc&#234; atrapalha todo o fluxo. Exatamente, todas as outras etapas.</italic> (E13)</p>
          <p><italic>Ent&#227;o, assim, a parada, por exemplo, tem que ter uma din&#226;mica onde todo mundo sabe o seu papel.</italic> (E5)</p>
          <p>A US &#8220;desconhecimento e desorganiza&#231;&#227;o do material e seu armazenamento como desafio no atendimento&#8221; (13 URs) se refere diretamente aos materiais e equipamentos necess&#225;rios:</p>
          <p><italic>Conferir se o material est&#225; todo completo, separado anteriormente. O profissional respons&#225;vel tem que t&#225; sempre fazendo checklist pra poder n&#227;o ter nenhuma intercorr&#234;ncia durante o atendimento.</italic> (E8)</p>
          <p>A US &#8220;identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce do quadro de risco&#8221; (dez URs) demonstra que a organiza&#231;&#227;o do microprocesso de trabalho tem in&#237;cio na identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce da PCR:</p>
          <p><italic>Eu acho que o que me d&#225; mais medo na hora da aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica &#233; a demora que pode acontecer esse reconhecimento do paciente chegar l&#225; na frente passando mal e vir at&#233;</italic> [&#8230;] [a frase n&#227;o &#233; completada pelo participante]. <italic>A gente fica muito dentro do consult&#243;rio, n&#233;?</italic> (E10)</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Habilidades comportamentais: <italic>soft skills</italic></title>
          <p>Esta categoria &#233; composta por 182 URs (34,8% das URs totais) e dividida em duas subcategorias. A subcategoria 1 &#8220;Interfaces entre a lideran&#231;a e a comunica&#231;&#227;o no atendimento &#224; parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria&#8221; &#233; composta por seis USs: &#8220;acolhimento e escuta qualificada&#8221; (tr&#234;s URs); &#8220;trabalho em equipe e boa rela&#231;&#227;o interpessoal&#8221; (23 URs); &#8220;import&#226;ncia da comunica&#231;&#227;o efetiva entre a equipe para o sucesso da RCP&#8221; (dez URs); &#8220;atribui&#231;&#227;o da lideran&#231;a da RCP a uma categoria profissional, principalmente enfermeiro e m&#233;dico ou a quem iniciar o atendimento&#8221; (28 URs); &#8220;experi&#234;ncia e preparo como fatores essenciais para lideran&#231;a&#8221; (18 URs); e &#8220;lideran&#231;a como habilidade essencial durante o atendimento&#8221; (19 URs).</p>
          <p>As URs a seguir evidenciam as falas dos participantes quanto &#224; subcategoria descrita:</p>
          <p><italic>&#192;s vezes voc&#234; est&#225; numa unidade b&#225;sica onde voc&#234; percebe &#224;s vezes uma dificuldade de relacionamento entre equipes, entre profissionais e eu acho que nesse momento, independente de adversidades, isso n&#227;o pode acontecer. &#201; esquecer qualquer adversidade e focar no que est&#225; acontecendo ali.</italic> (E8)</p>
          <p><italic>E eu acho que principalmente comunica&#231;&#227;o entre a equipe multiprofissional para atuar nesse tipo de cen&#225;rio.</italic> (E17)</p>
          <p><italic>Assim, eu acho que o enfermeiro tem que ser</italic> [o l&#237;der]<italic>, porque o enfermeiro j&#225; est&#225; acostumado com isso, j&#225; est&#225; habituado com o gerenciamento de tudo. Ent&#227;o, a gente j&#225; tem essa pr&#225;tica, j&#225; &#233; nossa, porque o enfermeiro conhece sala de procedimento, o enfermeiro sabe onde fica todos os materiais, o enfermeiro conhece todos os t&#233;cnicos que est&#227;o aqui, sabe o t&#233;cnico que &#233; bom para pegar uma veia, sabe o t&#233;cnico que &#233; bom de fazer qualquer coisa, sabe o nome de todo mundo, &#8220;fulaninho de tal faz isso, fulaninho de tal faz isso&#8221;. Nem todo mundo, nem todas as categorias v&#227;o saber fazer isso.</italic> (E10)</p>
          <p><italic>O l&#237;der? A compet&#234;ncia profissional, ele se torna l&#237;der. Ele est&#225; preparado, conforme eu falei. Ele tem que ter todo um conhecimento daquilo que t&#225; fazendo para orientar a gente que &#233; t&#233;cnico a estar fazendo da forma correta.</italic> (E31)</p>
          <p>A subcategoria 2 &#8220;<italic>Soft skills</italic> em reanima&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de&#8221; &#233; composta por cinco USs: &#8220;a import&#226;ncia da agilidade no sucesso da RCP&#8221; (22 URs); &#8220;ter seguran&#231;a para realizar o atendimento&#8221; (dez URs); &#8220;ter controle emocional durante o atendimento&#8221; (28 URs); &#8220;o n&#227;o pertencimento dos profissionais de APS na RUE e nos elos da cadeia de sobreviv&#234;ncia&#8221; (17 URs); e &#8220;necessidade de foco e aten&#231;&#227;o no atendimento &#224; PCR&#8221; (quatro URs).</p>
          <p>As seguintes asser&#231;&#245;es corroboram a subcategoria descrita:</p>
          <p><italic>Eu acho que proatividade. Agilidade para voc&#234; pensar r&#225;pido, para voc&#234; agir r&#225;pido. Aten&#231;&#227;o, foco. Acho que &#233; isso.</italic> (E22)</p>
          <p><italic>Calma. Calma e saber raciocinar, porque, na hora do desespero, as pessoas batem cabe&#231;a e acaba n&#227;o dando certo. Infelizmente, num momento super ca&#243;tico, voc&#234; vai ter que ser a pessoa calma; tem que ter duas pessoas calmas. Calma no sentido, assim, de saber direcionar. &#201; l&#243;gico que a tens&#227;o est&#225;, mas assim, de dar o comando saber como lidar com aquilo. Ent&#227;o, isso acho que n&#227;o &#233; nem calma, digamos, &#233; saber direcionar realmente. A seguran&#231;a tem que passar seguran&#231;a para todos que est&#227;o ali.</italic> (E20)</p>
          <p><italic>Porque normalmente, assim, a gente orienta a popula&#231;&#227;o, mas a popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o sabe que aqui n&#227;o &#233; um lugar de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia. Ent&#227;o, se parar vem pra c&#225;. &#201; dif&#237;cil</italic>. (E5)</p>
          <p>O Quadro 1 (material complementar) sintetiza a elabora&#231;&#227;o das quatro categorias tem&#225;ticas, incluindo as URs e USs, obtidas a partir da an&#225;lise do conte&#250;do.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="discussion">
          <title>DISCUSS&#195;O</title>
          <p>O presente estudo apresenta os fatores determinantes e as <italic>soft skills</italic> no atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR na APS. Trata-se de contexto pouco explorado para esse tipo de tema e pr&#225;tica, por&#233;m com grande potencial de reverter o quadro de PCR, uma vez que est&#225; localizado pr&#243;ximo &#224; resid&#234;ncia e organizado de forma comunit&#225;ria.</p>
          <p>A inseguran&#231;a dos profissionais pode ser justificada pois sabe-se que, quanto menos frequente o contato, menor &#233; a reten&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento e das habilidades<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. Treinamentos espor&#225;dicos podem n&#227;o ser o suficiente para a efetiva atua&#231;&#227;o no atendimento &#224; PCR<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>. Dessa forma, recomendam-se a&#231;&#245;es de educa&#231;&#227;o permanente te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tica com maior frequ&#234;ncia e menor intensidade de novos conhecimentos - &#8220;<italic>low dose - high frequency model</italic>&#8221;<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>Al&#233;m da abordagem te&#243;rica e a pr&#225;tica da t&#233;cnica de RCP, nossos resultados indicam que as estrat&#233;gias de educa&#231;&#227;o permanente dos profissionais de sa&#250;de precisam incluir planos que possibilitem a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de habilidades comportamentais aplicadas ao local de trabalho e recursos dispon&#237;veis, sem impor press&#227;o excessiva. S&#227;o possibilidades de inova&#231;&#227;o a inclus&#227;o de pacientes e fam&#237;lias para o empoderamento dos profissionais<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>)</sup>, a integra&#231;&#227;o entre encontros presenciais e uso de tecnologias como v&#237;deos e aulas remotas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup>, o uso de jogos interativos<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>)</sup>, e <italic>smart devices</italic>, como celulares/aplicativos ou rel&#243;gios<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>A categoria &#8220;Macro e microprocessos de trabalho na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de: da chegada do usu&#225;rio ao suporte avan&#231;ado de vida&#8221; traz como principais fatores determinantes a disponibilidade de materiais, a infraestrutura adequada, a rotina de servi&#231;o e o processo de trabalho na APS. Destacam-se aqui a demanda de trabalho na rotina da unidade, a organiza&#231;&#227;o do setor e do fluxo de atendimento &#224; PCR, a identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce do quadro de risco, e o desconhecimento sobre o material e seu armazenamento como desafios no atendimento.</p>
          <p>&#201; consenso que a disponibilidade de materiais e equipamentos &#233; um fator indispens&#225;vel ao atendimento &#224; v&#237;tima de PCR. Por isso, &#233; essencial assegurar sua provis&#227;o necess&#225;ria e organiza&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, a insufici&#234;ncia de materiais ou insumos n&#227;o deve prorrogar ou interromper a reanima&#231;&#227;o<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>. As a&#231;&#245;es realizadas durante os minutos iniciais de atendimento &#224; PCR s&#227;o cr&#237;ticas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; sobreviv&#234;ncia; logo, o suporte b&#225;sico de vida deve ser realizado de maneira adequada e r&#225;pida<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. H&#225;, portanto, uma corresponsabiliza&#231;&#227;o entre a a&#231;&#227;o institucional e as <italic>soft skills</italic> individuais e interpessoais.</p>
          <p>A &#250;ltima categoria agrupou as <italic>soft skills,</italic> que s&#227;o as habilidades comportamentais - individuais e sociais - relacionadas &#224; maneira como o profissional lida com o outro e consigo em diferentes situa&#231;&#245;es. S&#227;o frequentemente agrupadas em tr&#234;s categorias: compet&#234;ncias sociais, como a lideran&#231;a; compet&#234;ncias cognitivas, como a consci&#234;ncia situacional; e fatores de recursos pessoais, como a tomada de decis&#227;o diante de situa&#231;&#245;es de estresse<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>No contexto do atendimento &#224; PCR na APS, essas habilidades podem determinar a efici&#234;ncia do atendimento, o que modifica desfechos cl&#237;nicos e satisfa&#231;&#227;o profissional<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup>. Emergiram, neste estudo, <italic>soft skills</italic> relacionadas &#224; lideran&#231;a, agilidade, seguran&#231;a, controle emocional, foco, e aten&#231;&#227;o e sensa&#231;&#227;o de pertencimento.</p>
          <p>Os participantes apontaram a lideran&#231;a como um fator essencial para o &#234;xito do atendimento. O profissional que det&#233;m conhecimento t&#233;cnico possui mais seguran&#231;a para liderar o processo de forma qualificada. O &#234;xito da equipe no atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia depende da efici&#234;ncia de um l&#237;der para orientar os profissionais envolvidos no atendimento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>H&#225; rela&#231;&#227;o direta entre a capacidade de comunica&#231;&#227;o do l&#237;der e o desempenho da equipe, onde a comunica&#231;&#227;o efetiva, a habilidade t&#233;cnica e um bom relacionamento interpessoal comp&#245;em a tr&#237;ade necess&#225;ria &#224; lideran&#231;a efetiva condu&#231;&#227;o da RCP<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>. Assim como evidenciado nas entrevistas, a literatura tamb&#233;m aponta o enfermeiro como elo fundamental na integra&#231;&#227;o e organiza&#231;&#227;o da equipe, facilitando os processos de trabalho, al&#233;m de participar das atividades desenvolvidas e fornecer suporte te&#243;rico aos membros atrav&#233;s da educa&#231;&#227;o permanente<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>A agilidade &#233; exigida nos protocolos cl&#237;nicos de atendimento &#224; PCR, tanto para o r&#225;pido reconhecimento da situa&#231;&#227;o quanto para in&#237;cio da RCP e desfibrila&#231;&#227;o precoce quando indicada. A agilidade relaciona-se intimamente &#224; seguran&#231;a em realizar uma a&#231;&#227;o e o foco ao que se implementa. Essas habilidades tornam-se ainda mais importantes no contexto da APS, visto que nem sempre a unidade de sa&#250;de est&#225; preparada para o atendimento de emerg&#234;ncias.</p>
          <p>Avan&#231;ar na forma&#231;&#227;o com vistas a promover a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de <italic>soft skills</italic> &#233; um desafio contempor&#226;neo que vem sendo alvo de estudos recentes<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>)</sup>. Nesse sentido, a constante atualiza&#231;&#227;o profissional e a an&#225;lise da incorpora&#231;&#227;o de diferentes m&#233;todos para o desenvolvimento de habilidades n&#227;o t&#233;cnicas no atendimento &#224; PCR s&#227;o campos em potencial para pesquisas futuras.</p>
          <p>Al&#233;m disso, incluir atividades que possibilitem o desenvolvimento das <italic>soft skills</italic> no contexto do atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR na APS merece aten&#231;&#227;o nos espa&#231;os de ensino e nas pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de sa&#250;de. Ainda, o pr&#243;prio facilitador de treinamentos voltados &#224; educa&#231;&#227;o permanente para RCP precisa se apoiar tamb&#233;m em <italic>soft skills</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
          <p>O estudo apresenta como limita&#231;&#245;es a inclus&#227;o de apenas duas unidades de ESF, que se localizam relativamente pr&#243;ximas &#224;s unidades de pronto atendimento, o que, supostamente, leva &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da viv&#234;ncia do atendimento &#224; PCR pelos participantes. Ainda, uma limita&#231;&#227;o metodol&#243;gica refere-se &#224; aus&#234;ncia de confirma&#231;&#227;o dos dados coletados ap&#243;s a transcri&#231;&#227;o com as participantes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Contribui&#231;&#245;es para as &#225;reas da enfermagem, sa&#250;de ou pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas</title>
          <p>A presente pesquisa evidencia a fragilidade do desenvolvimento de <italic>soft skills</italic> entre profissionais de enfermagem da APS para o atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR. Nesse sentido, &#233; um desafio atual aprimorar as pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas e os centros de forma&#231;&#227;o com metodologias adequadas e inovadoras que possibilitem a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de habilidades n&#227;o t&#233;cnicas para o suporte b&#225;sico e avan&#231;ado de vida. As metodologias ativas de ensino, sobretudo a simula&#231;&#227;o real&#237;stica em sa&#250;de, podem trazer grandes contribui&#231;&#245;es para a supera&#231;&#227;o desse desafio.</p>
          <p>Os resultados desta pesquisa poder&#227;o apoiar o desenvolvimento de interven&#231;&#245;es voltadas ao aprimoramento do conhecimento te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tico e de habilidades comportamentais dos profissionais da APS, direcionando as a&#231;&#245;es de educa&#231;&#227;o permanente das equipes e implementa&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es por <italic>stakeholders</italic> vinculados &#224; Rede de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de. Ainda, este estudo aponta as habilidades necess&#225;rias para o atendimento &#224; pessoa em PCR no contexto da APS, a partir da identifica&#231;&#227;o pela pr&#243;pria enfermagem, de modo a guiar estudos futuros que avaliem as diferentes metodologias e os desfechos relacionados &#224; RCP.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONSIDERA&#199;&#213;ES FINAIS</title>
        <p>Este estudo identificou categorias tem&#225;ticas relacionadas aos fatores determinantes e &#224;s <italic>soft skills</italic> na percep&#231;&#227;o da equipe de enfermagem atuante na APS diante da situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR. Destaca-se a import&#226;ncia da lideran&#231;a, comunica&#231;&#227;o efetiva, tomada de decis&#227;o r&#225;pida, &#225;gil e focada, e a organiza&#231;&#227;o do processo de trabalho como habilidades comportamentais n&#227;o t&#233;cnicas fundamentais para o sucesso da RCP nesse contexto. A corresponsabilidade para o sucesso no atendimento &#224; pessoa em situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR na APS tamb&#233;m &#233; evidenciada pela necessidade da disponibilidade de materiais, infraestrutura adequada, organiza&#231;&#227;o da rotina de servi&#231;o e processo de trabalho. Estudos que avaliem as <italic>soft skills</italic> (habilidades comportamentais e interpessoais) em contextos sociais diferentes s&#227;o encorajados.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <label>FOMENTO</label>
          <p>Publica&#231;&#227;o financiada pela FAPERJ - Funda&#231;&#227;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SEI-260003/013302/2024 - Programa Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available-upon-request">
        <label>DISPONIBILIDADE DE DADOS E MATERIAL</label>
        <p>Os dados de pesquisa s&#243; est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis mediante solicita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
