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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rev Bras Enferm</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">reben</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Bras. Enferm.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7167</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1984-0446</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Enfermagem</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">h36cMcTq3L8ZrYdzWgJGqqC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0034-71672023000300153</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0172</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00153</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: repercussions from professors&#8217; perspective</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
          <trans-title>Ense&#241;anza a distancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19: repercusiones desde la perspectiva del docente</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5564-1521</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Winters</surname>
            <given-names>Joanara Rozane da Fontoura</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>contributed to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>contributed to the final review with critical and intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6653-1830</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>D&#233;bora Rinaldi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>contributed to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>contributed to the final review with critical and intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6216-1633</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Heidemann</surname>
            <given-names>Ivonete Terezinha Sch&#252;lter Buss</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>contributed to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>contributed to the final review with critical and intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3660-6859</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Durand</surname>
            <given-names>Michelle Kuntz</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>contributed to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>contributed to the final review with critical and intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1607-9484</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Magagnin</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Bitencourt</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>contributed to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>contributed to the final review with critical and intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2159-6486</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Arakawa-Belaunde</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Megumi</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contributed to the conception or design of the study/research</role>
          <role>contributed to the analysis and/or interpretation of data</role>
          <role>contributed to the final review with critical and intellectual participation in the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Joinville</city>
          <state>Santa Catarina</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina. Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>Santa Catarina</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florian&#243;polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> D&#233;bora Rinaldi Nogueira, E-mail: <email>debora@ifsc.edu.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR IN CHIEF: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Alexandre Balsanelli</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>76</volume>
      <issue>Suppl 1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220172</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>to understand the repercussions of teaching work in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic in Higher Education Institutions in northern Santa Catarina.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>a qualitative participatory action research, based on Paulo Freire&#8217;s theoretical-methodological precepts. Seventeen health professors participated in two Virtual Culture Circles held in the first half of 2021.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>six generating themes emerged for discussion, which aroused in participants&#8217; feelings and perspectives regarding the remote teaching process in the pandemic context, with an emphasis on the connectivity theme, which generated dialogue through reports of personal experiences.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Final Considerations:</title>
          <p>the pandemic has had repercussions in sectors such as health and education. Professors talked about their experience in creating, recreating and adapting to remote teaching and the challenges facing the teaching-learning process, listing the worsening of mental health and the need to learn new digital technologies.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
        <title>RESUMEN</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>comprender las repercusiones del trabajo docente en la ense&#241;anza a distancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en las Instituciones de Educaci&#243;n Superior del Norte de Santa Catarina.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>estudio cualitativo, tipo acci&#243;n-participante, basado en los preceptos te&#243;rico-metodol&#243;gicos de Paulo Freire. 17 profesores de salud participaron en dos C&#237;rculos Virtuales de Cultura realizados en el primer semestre de 2021.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>surgieron seis temas generadores de discusi&#243;n, que despertaron en los participantes sentimientos y perspectivas respecto al proceso de ense&#241;anza a distancia en el contexto de la pandemia, con &#233;nfasis en el tema conectividad, que gener&#243; di&#225;logo a trav&#233;s de relatos de experiencias personales.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Consideraciones Finales:</title>
          <p>la pandemia ha tenido repercusiones en sectores como la salud y la educaci&#243;n. Los docentes hablaron sobre su experiencia en la creaci&#243;n, recreaci&#243;n y adaptaci&#243;n a la ense&#241;anza a distancia y los desaf&#237;os que enfrenta el proceso de ense&#241;anza-aprendizaje, enumerando el empeoramiento de la salud mental y la necesidad de aprender nuevas tecnolog&#237;as digitales.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Descriptors:</title>
        <kwd>Social Isolation</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Mental Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Faculty</kwd>
        <kwd>Teaching.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
        <title>Descriptores:</title>
        <kwd>Aislamiento Social</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Salud Mental</kwd>
        <kwd>Docentes</kwd>
        <kwd>Ense&#241;anza.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
      <p>On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted to a virus causing pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, People&#8217;s Republic of China. It was a new strain (type) of coronavirus that had not been identified before in humans<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. On January 30, 2020, WHO reported that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a public health emergency<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this regard, there were several precautions to prevent the virus from spreading, including social distancing, the use of masks and hand washing. In Brazil, the first cases were confirmed in February and several actions were also taken to prevent the disease from spreading. However, a Public Health Concern of National Importance (PHCNI) was declared<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has brought changes in world daily life due to health measures and social isolation, which is essential. Therefore, all sectors were affected: industry, commerce, agriculture, service sector; among the most committed sectors, education stands out. Professors had the task of educating, considering the inequalities of access to information technologies by students, so professors and students had to adapt to a new form of teaching: remote teaching<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Thus, emergency remote teaching was a possibility that educational institutions used to repair a crisis situation, however it should not be compared with Distance Learning (DL). DL is the educational modality in which the didactic-pedagogical mediation in the teaching and learning processes occurs with the use of information and communication means and technologies, with students and professors developing educational activities in different places or times<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup>. Professors came across remote classes, which proved to be less productive over time, compared to face-to-face classes, requiring active teaching and learning strategies, which requires significant changes in teaching practice<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>These changes in professors&#8217; education and way of teaching the class were a paradigm break, as professors had to quickly adapt and teach content from their face-to-face classes to online platforms with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>It was found that, wishing or not, professors found themselves included in the context of a crisis, impelling them to invest in the challenge of developing skills of interaction, education, communication and use of technologies<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>With teaching in the remote format, the teaching-learning process has changed, weakening the collectives of workers that, historically, have strengthened the workplace itself, as a place for meeting and carrying out individual and collective activities<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this new teaching modality, professors found themselves living a &#8216;solitary teaching&#8217; in the current scenario, causing changes in teaching practice and some degree of psychological distress.</p>
      <p>The pedagogical space shared between professors and students in which socialization, movement and dialogue occurred began to be replaced by a virtual, restricted and solitary encounter, which could generate dissatisfaction, sadness and anxiety<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>It is necessary to emphasize that nursing and other health courses lack interaction, exchange of practical knowledge that is inherent to training; however, the remote emergency education adopted, in the course of social isolation, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, required adjustments to the teaching process, which may point us to new circumstances of physical and mental exhaustion of professors and students<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>OBJECTIVES</title>
      <p>To understand the repercussions of teaching work in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic in Higher Education Institutions in northern Santa Catarina.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>METHODS</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>The ethical aspects of this research, following CNS Resolution 466/2012, were respected, with data collection starting only after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. The project was approved in 2020. To preserve anonymity, professors were named according to the teachings of Paulo Freire, and as a reference, the book &#8220;<italic>Pedagogia da Autonomia</italic>&#8221;<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup> was used.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Theoretical-methodological framework</title>
        <p>It was based on Paulo Freire&#8217;s theoretical and methodological framework. Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary was used, which comprises three interdependent stages: 1) thematic investigation; 2) coding and decoding; 3) critical unveiling<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Methodological procedures</title>
        <p>To go through the stages of Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary in a concrete, interactive way, critical, creative and playful, an analogy was made with the computer, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary: analogy with the computer</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>
              <italic>Source: image adapted by the authors from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://gartic.com.br/amanda_sccp/desenho-jogo/lapis-de-cor">https://gartic.com.br/amanda_sccp/desenho-jogo/lapis-de-cor</ext-link>.</italic>
            </attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-76-suppl1-e20220172-0172-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>To start the Virtual Culture Circle (VCC) and go through the first phase of Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary, which is the thematic investigation, the mediators shared the image of a computer that would symbolize remote teaching (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). They explained that the screen would represent the thematic investigation, which would be the universe of professors; the keyboard, with the letter options, would symbolize the meanings that would emerge from the ideas, from the thoughts, allowing the possibility of coding and decoding the themes, thus requiring a better understanding; the mouse would portray the critical unveiling, in which the subjectivity of professors&#8217; thoughts is revealed.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Search Itinerary Representation</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>
              <italic>Source: extracted from the Virtual Culture Circle with professors. Image adapted by the authors from an image of the internet.</italic>
            </attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-76-suppl1-e20220172-0172-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Based on the representation, professors were encouraged to express significant themes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, raising the following questions: what is it like to live teaching work in remote teaching? What are the powers, facilities and positive events of this remote moment? What are the weaknesses, difficulties and negative events of this remote moment? Professors talked about the questions, and their perceptions, experiences and knowledge were digitized on the computer screen. As participants raised the themes, a mediator wrote down the answers regarding the questions, encouraging them to organize them according to the subjects addressed by the group.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design</title>
        <p>This is qualitative participatory action research<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>, in which Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary was used, which takes place in a Culture Circle space, which enables the exchange of experiences, linked to the construction of knowledge. Participants dialogue on common themes in a horizontal and participatory way, stimulating collective knowledge in search of the transformation of reality<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study setting</title>
        <p>The study was conducted at three Higher Education Institutions in the state of Santa Catarina. Seventeen professors participated in the research, including professors of courses in the health area who were working in remote education in the COVID-19 pandemic. Professors who were on leave during the study period were excluded.</p>
        <p>Due to the pandemic context, it was decided to perform the VCC, configuring a practice of great challenges and innovative. Thus, the institutional Google Meet application was used.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data collection and organization</title>
        <p>The strategy to obtain the data was the VCC. Professors from educational institutions were invited via e-mail. After accepting to participate in the study, a message was sent via WhatsApp, scheduling the VCC according to participants&#8217; availability. Then, the Informed Consent Form (ICF) was sent via e-mail, which they signed and forwarded to the researchers.</p>
        <p>Two VCCs were performed through Google Meet, lasting approximately two hours and an interval of one month between them. The meetings took place in the first half of 2021.</p>
        <p>The tools used during the Research Itinerary stages were compared to the image of a computer. After completing the VCC, the dialogues were transcribed and organized according to the methodological framework.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data analysis</title>
        <p>To validate these records, all the sentences were re-read for professors, motivating them to continue their reflections on the proposed themes, with a view to sealing the action-reflection-action process, encouraging them to understand their ability to face the challenges raised and share proposals that make it possible to transform their reality<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>For critical unveiling, the mediators approached that the computer represents remote teaching, and professors were invited to reflect on everything they said and heard from others, in order to unveil the real possibilities to live with health and overcome the challenges of COVID-19 in the teaching and learning process, seeking to transform their difficulties and facilities at this time. The process of unveiling themes occurred concurrently with the thematic investigation, as foreseen in Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary assumptions, which foresees the analytical process<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>RESULTS</title>
      <p>The VCC had the participation of 17 people linked to Higher Education Institutions, 14 females and three males, with an average age 30 to 60 years. Participant training occurred predominantly in the area of nursing, residing in different municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.</p>
      <p>The first phase culminated in the identification of six generating themes, forwarded to the encoding and decoding stage, which were: connectivity; concern for the future; solitude/solitary teaching; apprenticeship; impaired dialogue; and organizational difficulty. These themes reflect participants&#8217; reality of life, through their speeches and emotions expressed. In order to organize and facilitate the accomplishment of Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary stages, the generating themes and encodings were reproduced on slides during the virtual meeting.</p>
      <p>Participants revealed their feelings and perspectives in relation to the remote teaching process at the pandemic moment, reflected throughout the dialogues carried out in reports of personal experiences. Among the generating themes, connectivity was a predominant theme, resulting in several concerns and questions among the participants, raising moments of reflection. Thus, in this study, connectivity was highlighted, relating the positive aspects of remote teaching, the use of technologies and their limits observed by participants.</p>
      <p>Professors discussed how the use of online tools would provide relationships of approximation that, previously, did not occur or that distance ended up making it difficult:</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>just as our emotions fluctuate, our relationship with remote teaching fluctuates. At first, everything seemed very interesting, innovative, and possible to broaden horizons. We could use new tools, bring people from far away, so it all seemed very interesting.</italic> (Lovingness)</p>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>but I also feel, in contrast, that I learned a lot, so I feel like a much more connected person today. So, I learned to take classes in different programs that I didn&#8217;t even know existed. So, in addition to all these challenges, I feel that it was a great learning moment for me to use other tools, to teach in a different way.</italic> (Freedom)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>Remote teaching required from professors a drastic change in the way of teaching, because they had to master and learn new pedagogical practices, using various technological devices. Students had to adapt to the new digital reality, although this technology was already inserted in their daily lives; however, they had to stay in front of the computer for a longer period, to participate in the classes. In the dialogue in the Culture Circle, the participants demonstrated the need to seek new adaptations of the classes, to maintain students&#8217; involvement and interest. This also applied to the relationship between the professors themselves and the institution, in order to maintain the necessary alignments for the work processes, as reported in the statements below:</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>I also thought that, in a way, Distance Education has given opportunities</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>it has taught</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>different views of teaching,</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>and I was very used to looking at teaching as something professor-student. And it helped to have a little more independence, to go further, to search for the content alone.</italic> (Criticality)</p>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>we have developed mechanisms and resources to improve our communication with students, with professors, with the institution, so I understand that it is quite positive.</italic> (Esthetic)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>They also highlighted training opportunities and discussions that occur virtually, enabling the participation of all and continuous updating.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>I also remembered the opportunity we had to participate in online events, listen to professionals and professors that we would not be able to without going to a conference very far away, very expensive, and we had this access</italic> [&#8230;]. (Generosity)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>Participants stated that remote teaching provided approximation, interaction, savings and time management, as reported:</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>meeting different people and interacting with people from different universities</italic> [&#8230;]. (Hope)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>However, when working from home, the participants highlighted as positive aspects improvement in diet, adequate sleep habits, preparation of their own meals, inclusion of healthy habits in the routine, infusions and teas, physical activity and proximity to the family.</p>
      <p>As significant themes involving connectivity, highlights access to communication, which could be a facilitator, however this theme also included negative aspects, and may be considered limits in the routines of professors. This unfavorable aspect was due to the interlocutors&#8217; difficulty in understanding limits related to time and space in accessing the other, the immediacy in the answers, in addition to the concomitant activities carried out without pauses and rests.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>the other thing that I see as a point of negative connectivity, which I think weighs a lot, including in my organizational issue, is the ease that people have to communicate with you, regardless of the time, regardless of the day, of the functions. Access, requiring an immediate response to some situations, became much easier and, here, the anxiety of a more immediate response is more fortified, I think so.</italic> (Consciousness)</p>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>this issue of people not even having the sense to send you midnight, Saturday, Sunday, at lunchtime. So, as if we had an obligation to be &#8220;on&#8221; twenty-four hours, regardless of the time.</italic> (Hope)</p>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>So, I think that&#8217;s it: we don&#8217;t disconnect, both in the sense of communicating with each other, of sending messages as well as receiving these messages. So, we have to police ourselves in both directions, in this back-and-forth relationship, both not sending and also trying not to read.</italic> (Autonomy)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>The possibilities of performing many actions or even simultaneous led people to exhaustion conditions, generating feelings of demotivation when developing/participating in remote actions.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>connectivity is so wide and makes accessing things so easy that we access several things at the same time, we start doing one thing after another, one activity after another, without a break</italic> [&#8230;]. (Consciousness)</p>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>meetings are from noon to 1:45 pm. Lunch time for professionals. The insanity we&#8217;re coming.</italic> (Autonomy)</p>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>various online events: lives, webinars, lectures. So much cool stuff going on, but I can&#8217;t seem to do anything.</italic> (Consciousness)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>In addition, the teaching commitment was present in the possibility brought by connectivity related to the aspect of tiredness and the need for immediate return.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>weekend, and students sending questions, you know? Sunday. So, I thought &#8220;no, I won&#8217;t even look&#8221;, because if I open it, I&#8217;ll answer. I also can&#8217;t stand to see the student&#8217;s question and not answer.</italic> (Autonomy)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>The physical impact of remote actions was scored due to pain, such as in the ear and difficulty of acoustic feedback. This condition indirectly influenced professors&#8217; vocal production, who began to demand more from their voice, which could generate discomfort and impact on vocal quality.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>and another thing too: this phone issue. Ear pain I already have because of the abusive use of headphones, I notice it, it&#8217;s already very painful, and we talk louder. Now I&#8217;m trying to do it here: put it on one side, to see if I can speak more quietly, because sometimes my daughter says &#8220;mom, you&#8217;re talking too loud&#8221;, and then I realize that it&#8217;s because I&#8217;m with headset. And then, in the dialogue inside the house, the tone of voice remains high.</italic> (Autonomy)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>When reflecting on the impacts of connectivity, participants highlighted the overload, such as the permission to carry out the activities:</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>allowing ourselves and allowing ourselves to allow ourselves, to make connectivity go beyond our personal situation</italic> [&#8230;], [&#8230;] <italic>at the time of working the no&#8217;s. Do I know how to say no? Can I say no? This is the time for us to say no.</italic> (Humility)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>Connectivity has been present in the daily lives of many people, but it can also lead to an &#8220;overload&#8221; of information, which generates anxiety and stress, as observed in previous statements. One participant reported that, at times, she sought to move away from the devices that kept her connected, such as TV, computer and smartphone, thus allowing moments of pause from her activities.</p>
      <p>Through theme unveiling regarding connectivity, participants referred to possible actions to be directed, particularly to negative aspects. The action-reflection-action process allowed the group to understand the need to affirm some positions. They unveiled their own boundaries, of disconnecting, shutting down the internet.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>connectivity is doing in our life. And some unveiling strategies that we can be working on to improve our life, and we were connected to it, but we weren&#8217;t looking.</italic> (Curiosity)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>The positive points of connectivity were resumed as a way of seeking to overcome the difficulties experienced in the daily practice of professors amidst the pandemic situation experienced.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>I perceive it</italic> [connectivity] <italic>as something very positive, right, in terms of geographical barriers, of having access</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>the ability for everyone to be able to connect at the same time and watch at the moment, participate in the same conversation.</italic> (Curiosity)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>During the group&#8217;s reflection, about thoughts that could reveal the theme, the discussion was also raised about the necessary exercise so that people do not have their thoughts fixed on the uncertainties of the future, thus bringing their lives to the present and seeking the best way to adapt to the difficulties experienced.</p>
      <p>As one of the negative aspects of connectivity was the increased perception of anxiety and stress, some statements suggested the removal of social networks excessively:</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>so, I try to avoid some types of news and some sites that I used to access, and I avoid going. And that tip, right, for us to try to stay and live more in the present, so let&#8217;s live in the now. What is the context of now? Now we are remote and, in the future, we will see how things will happen and how we will adapt to the new context that will emerge.</italic> (Freedom)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>The group considered the negative implications for students&#8217; learning process; however, it reaffirmed that the pandemic has brought challenges to all people, but that it may still be possible to seek training based on students&#8217; needs:</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>[&#8230;] <italic>try not to think that everything is fine, that teaching is going smoothly, that there is no weakness, but to look at it and think about how it can be improved. How is this student receiving, I don&#8217;t know if it&#8217;s that word, but just as he is acting in this process, how he is seeing himself in this process, how he is receiving this content</italic>. (Curiosity)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>At the end of discussion, some necessary actions for individual and collective changes were pointed out so that professors could deal with the challenges of work during the pandemic. The group raised the importance of sleep hygiene, the reduction of access to applications and networks that are involved with work in their moments of rest, the reduction of time in front of television or on websites with bad news, the enhancement of dialogue between peers for the exchange of experiences and mutual help in the teaching-learning process.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>DISCUSSION</title>
      <p>According to the WHO statement regarding the first confirmed victim of COVID-19 in Brazil, a series of repercussions and intersectoral concerns began in the country. Pervading the health sector, several scenarios were affected and required a reorganization to adapt to the pandemic demands<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>On March 17, 2020, through Ordinance 343, the Ministry of Education replaced face-to-face classes with digital classes during the COVID-19<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup> pandemic situation. This measure was taken as a result of the first cases of COVID-19 in Brazil; thus, a new proposal for education and work was being conceived and everyone had to adapt to the new model of organization of society: people, including professors, working from home office<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Faced with this new proposal, educational institutions had to reformulate their Course Pedagogical Projects (CPP), teaching plans and adopt the remote class model subsidized by technological and digital resources. Thus, this new education was a temporary solution to a particular emergency situation<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Remote education, the possibility for students to be in a different geographical space from professors, was implemented in an emergency, because professors and students were prohibited by municipal, state and federal decrees from attending educational institutions, to prevent the virus from spreading<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Professors were used to face-to-face classes and, most of the time, they did not need to use many technological or digital resources, they had to leave their face-to-face universe, in which they had mastery, and reinvent themselves, because the vast majority were not prepared or qualified for it<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup>. In a study carried out with professors on non-face-to-face teaching, it was highlighted that this generated insecurity and fear, lacking greater training for the use of virtual technologies<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Therefore, there were great changes, both for professors and students, because the way of teaching and learning was drastically modified, observing a rupture in the pedagogical pattern<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>However, this is a moment of reflection and change, and every change requires patience, study, motivation, break of paradigms and knowledge of the new; it requires curiosity, critical consciousness, and technology brings stimuli and challenges to curiosity. Thus, professors learn, teach and awaken critical reflection and dialogue in students. Therefore, to paraphrase Paulo Freire<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>, a good professor is what manages, while speaking, to bring students to the intimacy of the movement of their thought. Regardless of the mode, whether face-to-face or remotely, professors manage to awaken critical consciousness, curiosity and the search for knowledge in students<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Thus, the different challenges to put into practice other modes of teaching required professors to plan, synchronous and asynchronous classes, and the elaboration of pedagogical strategies, allowing there to be both emotional exhaustion and discouragement and other situations of aggravation to their health<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Corroborating other studies that assessed the impact of the pandemic, this research demonstrates implications for professors&#8217; mental health. Adaptation to a new way of life culminated in interference with people&#8217;s mental health, including changes in sleep quality, anxiety and other depressive symptoms.</p>
      <p>Some factors may potentiate this feeling of overload, such as the previous history of anxiety, exaggerated work pace, professional devaluation, scrapping of the sector and working conditions that do not correspond to service demands. Since the exercise of the profession represents a large part of people&#8217;s lives, it is necessary to look at the elements that are negatively influencing the quality of life of professors<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The balance between gains and losses amidst the pandemic context impacted professors&#8217; mental health, in the face of the sudden migration of remote class and the immediate adaptation of the forms of teaching, content and skills, such as in the deepening of the use of information and communication technologies, aspects that in themselves generate work overload related to the concern with the quality of teaching<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The cognitive demand that the teaching work requires, associated with a poor quality of sleep, can have a direct impact on professional performance and satisfaction, affecting greater psychological distress. This, in turn, can be accentuated in the face of gender differences, since, in the sexual division of work, the multiple tasks are absorbed by the woman, which increases the working day, considering household chores and child care<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>It is noticed that the pandemic context imposed on professors a deep reorganization of their work routines. The physical barrier between work and family life, at home, ceased to exist and, in most cases, forced various improvisations to the family and domestic routine, to allow the minimum structure necessary for teaching-learning activities. The remodeling of the ways of exercising teaching and the acute revision of working time and family life produced significant negative consequences on professors&#8217; physical and mental health. The scarce daily time dedicated to rest and high proportions of poor sleep quality were some of the health situations identified in the context of the pandemic<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Remote work enabled that positive aspects are also presented, such as enhancing the professional development of professors by acquiring new skills in the professor-student dyad, optimizing time in the face of decreasing distances, approaching the family context and breaking geographical barriers<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>. It is essential, therefore, to offer continued support to professors to bring the relationship with the new information and communication technologies closer, thus avoiding the feeling of powerlessness in the face of the challenges related to this teaching modality<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Moreover, the weakening, devaluation, suffering and illness of the teaching work was noticed, in which the search for their autonomy is related to forms of care centered on professors. The relationships between autonomy and care permeate aspects of teaching workers&#8217; health, which can contribute to interdisciplinarity in their health care and key to the discussion of a culture of care both in virtual and face-to-face work<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study limitations</title>
        <p>The study had as a limiting factor the low participant compliance in carrying out the VCC. It is believed that, due to professors&#8217; excessive unexpected work, the challenge is to reconcile a schedule with all professors to carry out the VCC, due to accumulation of activities that they develop in their work process.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Contributions to health</title>
        <p>This study contributes to knowing the opinions of professors related to remote teaching and its repercussions on these professionals&#8217; mental health during the pandemic, as well as directing discussions on the subject in educational institutions, sharing successful experiences in remote teaching during the pandemic.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>FINAL CONSIDERATIONS</title>
      <p>During the VCC, professors talked about their experience in creating, recreating and adapting to remote teaching. They discussed constant connectivity and access to communication as situations that need to work to make online education feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
      <p>They highlighted challenges facing the teaching-learning process, listing the worsening of mental health and the need to learn new digital technologies. They highlighted insecurity and fear in learning to use technological tools and how this modality of virtual teaching interfered in the daily life of each professor, such as invasion of private space, quality of sleep and lack of time limits dedicated to work and leisure. They highlighted the use of online tools, promoting relationships of approximation between people far away geographically.</p>
      <p>The dialogue in the Culture Circles made it possible to reflect how the COVID-19 pandemic is interfering with professors&#8217; health. Through Paulo Freire&#8217;s Research Itinerary, an understanding of the repercussions of worse mental health and the necessary care was revealed. Through the Culture Circles, it was possible to share congruent experiences and motivations among peers, care in a collective way, reinforcing this space of mediation and resilience.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0172pt</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19: repercuss&#245;es sob o olhar docente</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5564-1521</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Winters</surname>
            <given-names>Joanara Rozane da Fontoura</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6653-1830</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>D&#233;bora Rinaldi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6216-1633</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Heidemann</surname>
            <given-names>Ivonete Terezinha Sch&#252;lter Buss</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3660-6859</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Durand</surname>
            <given-names>Michelle Kuntz</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1607-9484</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Magagnin</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Bitencourt</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2159-6486</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Arakawa-Belaunde</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Megumi</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a concep&#231;&#227;o ou desenho do estudo/pesquisa</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a an&#225;lise e/ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>contribu&#237;ram com a revis&#227;o final com participa&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e intelectual no manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">II</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina. Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florian&#243;polis, Santa Catarina, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Autor Correspondente:</bold> D&#233;bora Rinaldi Nogueira, E-mail: <email>debora@ifsc.edu.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR CHEFE: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR ASSOCIADO: Alexandre Balsanelli</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>compreender as repercuss&#245;es do trabalho docente no ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em Institui&#231;&#245;es Superiores de Ensino do Norte de Santa Catarina.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>estudo qualitativo, tipo a&#231;&#227;o-participante, fundamentado nos preceitos te&#243;rico-metodol&#243;gicos de Paulo Freire. Participaram 17 docentes da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de em dois C&#237;rculos de Cultura Virtual realizados no primeiro semestre de 2021.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>emergiram seis temas geradores para discuss&#227;o, os quais despertaram nos participantes sentimentos e perspectivas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao processo do ensino remoto no contexto pand&#234;mico, com &#234;nfase &#224; tem&#225;tica conectividade, que gerou o di&#225;logo por meio de relatos de experi&#234;ncias pessoais.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es Finais:</title>
          <p>a pandemia trouxe repercuss&#245;es em setores como a sa&#250;de e a educa&#231;&#227;o. Os docentes dialogaram sobre sua viv&#234;ncia em criar, recriar e se adaptar ao ensino remoto e os desafios frente ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, elencando o agravamento da sa&#250;de mental e a necessidade de aprender novas tecnologias digitais.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Descritores:</title>
        <kwd>Isolamento Social</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemias por COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de Mental</kwd>
        <kwd>Docentes</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensino.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</title>
        <p>Em 31 de dezembro de 2019, a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS) foi alertada sobre um v&#237;rus que causava pneumonia na cidade de Wuhan, prov&#237;ncia de Hubei, na Rep&#250;blica Popular da China. Tratava-se de uma nova cepa (tipo) de coronav&#237;rus que n&#227;o havia sido identificada antes em seres humanos<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. Em 30 de janeiro de 2020, a OMS noticiou que a <italic>Coronavirus Disease</italic> 2019 (COVID-19) era uma emerg&#234;ncia de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Dessa forma, houve v&#225;rias precau&#231;&#245;es para evitar a propaga&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus, como o distanciamento social, o uso de m&#225;scaras e a lavagem das m&#227;os. No Brasil, os primeiros casos foram confirmados no m&#234;s de fevereiro, e diversas a&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m foram tomadas para evitar a prolifera&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, entretanto foi decretado Emerg&#234;ncia de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica de Import&#226;ncia Nacional (ESPIN)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe altera&#231;&#245;es no cotidiano mundial por conta das medidas sanit&#225;rias e do isolamento social, sendo esses essenciais. Por isso, todos os setores foram atingidos: ind&#250;stria, com&#233;rcio, agricultura, setor de servi&#231;os. Entre os setores mais cometidos, destaca-se a educa&#231;&#227;o. Aos docentes, coube a tarefa de educar, considerando as desigualdades de acesso &#224;s tecnologias da informa&#231;&#227;o pelos discentes. Assim, docentes e estudantes tiveram que se adaptar a uma nova forma de ensino: o remoto<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Dessa forma, o ensino remoto emergencial foi uma possibilidade que as institui&#231;&#245;es de ensino utilizaram para reparar uma situa&#231;&#227;o de crise, entretanto n&#227;o deve ser comparada com o Ensino a Dist&#226;ncia (EaD). O EaD &#233; a modalidade educacional na qual a media&#231;&#227;o did&#225;tico-pedag&#243;gica nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem ocorre com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de meios e tecnologias de informa&#231;&#227;o e comunica&#231;&#227;o, com estudantes e docentes desenvolvendo atividades educativas em lugares ou tempos diversos<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup>. Os docentes se depararam com as aulas remotas, que se mostraram ao decurso do tempo menos produtivas, em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;s aulas presenciais, exigindo estrat&#233;gias ativas de ensino e de aprendizagem, o que requer mudan&#231;as significativas na pr&#225;tica docente<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Essas mudan&#231;as na educa&#231;&#227;o e na forma do docente ministrar a aula foram uma quebra de paradigmas, pois o docente teve que rapidamente se adaptar e ensinar conte&#250;dos de suas aulas presenciais para plataformas <italic>online</italic> com o emprego das Tecnologias de Informa&#231;&#227;o e Comunica&#231;&#227;o (TIC)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Constatou-se que, desejando ou n&#227;o, docentes se viram inclu&#237;dos no contexto da crise, impelindo-os a investir no desafio de desenvolver as compet&#234;ncias de intera&#231;&#227;o, educa&#231;&#227;o, comunica&#231;&#227;o e uso das tecnologias<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Com a doc&#234;ncia no formato remoto, modificou-se o processo ensino-aprendizagem, enfraquecendo os coletivos de trabalhadores que, historicamente, fortaleceram-se do pr&#243;prio local de trabalho, como lugar de encontro e de realiza&#231;&#227;o da atividade individual e coletiva<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Nessa nova modalidade de ensino, o docente se percebeu vivendo uma &#8216;doc&#234;ncia solit&#225;ria&#8217; diante do atual cen&#225;rio, ocasionando modifica&#231;&#245;es na pr&#225;tica docente e algum grau de sofrimento ps&#237;quico.</p>
        <p>O espa&#231;o pedag&#243;gico compartilhado entre docentes e discentes no qual ocorria a socializa&#231;&#227;o, o movimento e o di&#225;logo passou a ser substitu&#237;do por um encontro virtual, restrito e solit&#225;rio, podendo gerar insatisfa&#231;&#227;o, tristeza e ansiedade<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>&#201; necess&#225;rio ressaltar que a enfermagem e outros cursos da sa&#250;de carecem de intera&#231;&#227;o, de troca de saberes pr&#225;ticos que est&#227;o inerentes &#224; forma&#231;&#227;o; contudo, o ensino emergencial remoto adotado, no decorrer do isolamento social, ocasionado pela pandemia de COVID-19, necessitou de adequa&#231;&#245;es ao processo de ensino, podendo nos apontar novas circunst&#226;ncias de esgotamento f&#237;sico e mental de docentes e alunos<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>OBJETIVOS</title>
        <p>Compreender as repercuss&#245;es do trabalho docente no ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em Institui&#231;&#245;es Superiores de Ensino do Norte de Santa Catarina.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#201;TODOS</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>Os aspectos &#233;ticos da pesquisa, seguindo a Resolu&#231;&#227;o CNS 466/2012, foram respeitados, com a coleta de dados se iniciando apenas ap&#243;s a aprova&#231;&#227;o pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica de Pesquisa. O projeto foi aprovado em 2020. Para preservar o anonimato, os docentes foram denominados conforme os ensinamentos de Paulo Freire, e como refer&#234;ncia, utilizou-se o livro &#8220;Pedagogia da Autonomia&#8221;<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Referencial te&#243;rico-metodol&#243;gico</title>
          <p>Fundamentado no referencial te&#243;rico metodol&#243;gico de Paulo Freire. Utilizou-se o Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa freireano, que compreende tr&#234;s etapas interdependentes: 1) investiga&#231;&#227;o tem&#225;tica; 2) codifica&#231;&#227;o e descodifica&#231;&#227;o; 3) desvelamento cr&#237;tico<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Procedimentos metodol&#243;gicos</title>
          <p>Para percorrer as etapas do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire de maneira concreta, interativa, cr&#237;tica, criativa e l&#250;dica, foi realizada uma analogia com o computador, conforme ilustra a <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire: analogia com o computador</title>
              </caption>
              <attrib>
                <italic>Fonte: imagem adaptada pelas autoras a partir de <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://gartic.com.br/amanda_sccp/desenho-jogo/lapis-de-cor">https://gartic.com.br/amanda_sccp/desenho-jogo/lapis-de-cor</ext-link>.</italic>
              </attrib>
              <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-76-suppl1-e20220172-0172-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Para iniciar o C&#237;rculo de Cultura Virtual (CCV) e percorrer a primeira fase do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa freireano, que &#233; a investiga&#231;&#227;o tem&#225;tica, as mediadoras compartilharam a imagem do computador que simbolizaria o ensino remoto (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). Explicaram que a tela representaria a investiga&#231;&#227;o tem&#225;tica, que seria o universo dos docentes; o teclado, com as op&#231;&#245;es das letras, simbolizaria os significados que emergiria das ideias, dos pensamentos, permitindo a possibilidade de codificar e descodificar as tem&#225;ticas, requerendo, assim, uma melhor compreens&#227;o; o mouse retrataria o desvelamento cr&#237;tico, no qual se revela a subjetividade dos pensamentos dos docentes.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Representa&#231;&#227;o do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa</title>
              </caption>
              <attrib>
                <italic>Fonte: extra&#237;dos do C&#237;rculo de Cultura Virtual com os professores. Imagem adaptada pelas autoras a partir de uma imagem da internet.</italic>
              </attrib>
              <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-76-suppl1-e20220172-0172-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>A partir da representa&#231;&#227;o, estimulou-se que os docentes expressassem tem&#225;ticas significativas relacionadas &#224; pandemia de COVID-19, lan&#231;ando os seguintes questionamentos: como &#233; viver o trabalho docente no ensino remoto? Quais as pot&#234;ncias, as facilidades e os acontecimentos positivos desse momento remoto? Quais as fragilidades, as dificuldades e os acontecimentos negativos desse momento remoto? Os docentes dialogaram sobre os questionamentos, sendo digitalizadas na tela do computador as suas percep&#231;&#245;es, experi&#234;ncias e conhecimentos. &#192; medida que os participantes levantavam os temas, uma mediadora foi anotando as respostas referentes aos questionamentos, incentivando-os a organiz&#225;-los conforme os assuntos abordados pelo grupo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Tipos de estudo</title>
          <p>Estudo qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa-a&#231;&#227;o participante<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>, no qual foi utilizado o Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa freireano, que ocorre em um espa&#231;o de C&#237;rculo de Cultura, que possibilita a troca de experi&#234;ncias, atrelado &#224; constru&#231;&#227;o de conhecimento. Os participantes dialogam sobre temas em comum de forma horizontal e participativa, estimulando o conhecimento coletivo em busca da transforma&#231;&#227;o da realidade<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Cen&#225;rio do estudo</title>
          <p>O estudo foi realizado em tr&#234;s Institui&#231;&#245;es Superiores de Ensino do estado de Santa Catarina. Participaram da pesquisa 17 docentes, incluindo os docentes de cursos na &#225;rea da sa&#250;de que estavam atuando no ensino remoto na pandemia de COVID-19. Os docentes que estavam em licen&#231;a no per&#237;odo da realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo foram exclu&#237;dos.</p>
          <p>Devido ao contexto pand&#234;mico, optou-se por realizar o CCV, configurando-se em uma pr&#225;tica de grandes desafios e inovadora. Assim, foi utilizado o aplicativo <italic>Google Meet</italic> institucional.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Coleta e organiza&#231;&#227;o dos dados</title>
          <p>A estrat&#233;gia para obten&#231;&#227;o dos dados foi o CCV. Os docentes das institui&#231;&#245;es de ensino foram convidados via e-mail. Ap&#243;s o aceite em participar do estudo, foi encaminhada uma mensagem, via <italic>WhatsApp,</italic> agendando o CCV de acordo com a disponibilidade dos participantes. Em seguida, foi enviado via e-mail o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), o qual assinaram e os encaminharam para as pesquisadoras.</p>
          <p>Foram realizados dois CCV por meio da plataforma <italic>Google Meet</italic>, com dura&#231;&#227;o de aproximadamente duas horas e intervalo de um m&#234;s entre eles. Os encontros aconteceram no primeiro semestre de 2021.</p>
          <p>As ferramentas utilizadas durante as etapas do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa eram comparadas &#224; imagem de um computador. Ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o do CCV, os di&#225;logos foram transcritos e organizados de acordo com o referencial metodol&#243;gico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise dos dados</title>
          <p>Para validar esses registros, foi realizada a releitura de todas as frases para os docentes, motivando-as a dar continuidade nas reflex&#245;es sobre as tem&#225;ticas propostas, com vistas a selar o processo a&#231;&#227;o-reflex&#227;o-a&#231;&#227;o, incentivando-as a compreender sua capacidade de enfrentar os desafios levantados e compartilhar propostas que possibilitam transforma&#231;&#227;o da sua realidade<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>Para o desvelamento cr&#237;tico, as mediadoras abordaram que o computador representa o ensino remoto, sendo convidados os docentes a refletirem sobre tudo que falaram e que ouviram dos demais, a fim de desvelar as reais possibilidades para viver com sa&#250;de e superar os desafios da COVID-19 no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, buscando transformar suas dificuldades e facilidades neste momento. O processo de desvelamento dos temas ocorreu concomitantemente com a investiga&#231;&#227;o tem&#225;tica, conforme prev&#234; os pressupostos do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que prev&#234; o processo anal&#237;tico<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>RESULTADOS</title>
        <p>Os CCV contaram com a participa&#231;&#227;o de 17 pessoas vinculadas &#224;s Institui&#231;&#245;es de Ensino Superior, sendo 14 do sexo feminino e tr&#234;s do sexo masculino, de idade m&#233;dia 30 a 60 anos. A forma&#231;&#227;o dos participantes ocorreu predominantemente na &#225;rea da enfermagem, residentes em diferentes munic&#237;pios do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.</p>
        <p>A primeira fase culminou com a identifica&#231;&#227;o de seis temas geradores, encaminhados para a etapa de codifica&#231;&#227;o e descodifica&#231;&#227;o, que foram: conectividade; preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o futuro; solid&#227;o/doc&#234;ncia solit&#225;ria; aprendizado; di&#225;logo prejudicado; e dificuldade organizacional. Essas tem&#225;ticas refletem a realidade de vida dos participantes, por meio de suas falas e emo&#231;&#245;es expressadas. A fim de organizar e facilitar a realiza&#231;&#227;o das etapas do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, os temas geradores e as codifica&#231;&#245;es foram reproduzidos em <italic>slides</italic>, durante o encontro virtual.</p>
        <p>Os participantes revelaram seus sentimentos e perspectivas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao processo do ensino remoto no momento pand&#234;mico, refletidos ao longo dos di&#225;logos realizados em relatos de experi&#234;ncias pessoais. Dentre os temas geradores, a conectividade foi uma tem&#225;tica predominante, culminando em diversas inquieta&#231;&#245;es e questionamentos entre os participantes, suscitando momentos de reflex&#227;o. Desse modo, neste estudo, a conectividade se apresentou-se em destaque, relacionando os aspectos positivos do ensino remoto, uso das tecnologias e seus limites observados pelos participantes.</p>
        <p>Os docentes discutiram a respeito de como o uso de ferramentas <italic>online</italic> propiciaria rela&#231;&#245;es de aproxima&#231;&#227;o que, anteriormente, n&#227;o ocorria ou que a dist&#226;ncia acabava dificultando:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>assim como as nossas emo&#231;&#245;es oscilam, a nossa rela&#231;&#227;o com o ensino remoto oscila. De in&#237;cio, tudo pareceu muito interessante, inovador, poss&#237;vel de ampliar horizontes. A gente podia usar novas ferramentas, trazer pessoas de longe, ent&#227;o parecia tudo muito interessante.</italic> (Amorosidade)</p>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>mas eu sinto tamb&#233;m, em contraponto, que eu aprendi muito, ent&#227;o eu me sinto uma pessoa muito mais conectada hoje. Ent&#227;o, eu aprendi a fazer aulas em diferentes programas que eu nem sabia que existiam. Ent&#227;o, al&#233;m de todos esses desafios, eu sinto que foi um momento de grande aprendizado pra mim de utilizar outras ferramentas, de ensinar de uma outra forma.</italic> (Liberdade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>O ensino remoto exigiu dos professores uma mudan&#231;a dr&#225;stica na maneira de ensinar, pois tiveram que dominar e aprender novas pr&#225;ticas pedag&#243;gicas, utilizando-se de v&#225;rios dispositivos tecnol&#243;gicos. Os alunos precisaram se adaptar &#224; nova realidade digital, embora essa tecnologia j&#225; estivesse inserida no seu dia a dia; entretanto, tiveram a necessidade de ficar em frente ao computador durante um per&#237;odo maior, para participar das aulas. No di&#225;logo no C&#237;rculo de Cultura, os participantes demonstraram a necessidade de buscar novas adequa&#231;&#245;es das aulas, para manter o envolvimento e interesse dos alunos. Isso tamb&#233;m se aplicou ao relacionamento entre os pr&#243;prios docentes e institui&#231;&#227;o, a fim de manter os alinhamentos necess&#225;rios para os processos de trabalho, conforme relatado nas falas abaixo:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>eu tamb&#233;m achei que, de certa forma, a Educa&#231;&#227;o a Dist&#226;ncia tem dado oportunidade</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>tem ensinado</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>vis&#245;es diferentes de ensino</italic> [&#8230;]<italic>e estava muito acostumado a olhar o ensino como algo professor-aluno. E ajudou a ter um pouquinho mais de independ&#234;ncia, de ir mais atr&#225;s, de buscar o conte&#250;do sozinhos.</italic> (Criticidade)</p>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>desenvolvemos mecanismos e recursos para melhorar a nossa comunica&#231;&#227;o com alunos, com professores, com a institui&#231;&#227;o, ent&#227;o eu entendo que &#233; bastante positivo.</italic> (Est&#233;tica)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Destacaram, tamb&#233;m, oportunidades de capacita&#231;&#245;es e discuss&#245;es que ocorreram de forma virtual, possibilitando a participa&#231;&#227;o de todos e cont&#237;nua atualiza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>tamb&#233;m lembrei da oportunidade que a gente teve de participar de eventos online, escutar profissionais e professores que a gente n&#227;o teria possibilidade sem ir para um congresso muito longe, muito caro, e a gente teve esse acesso</italic> [&#8230;]. (Generosidade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Os participantes dialogaram que o ensino remoto propiciou aproxima&#231;&#227;o, intera&#231;&#227;o, economia e gest&#227;o de tempo, como relatado:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>conhecendo pessoas diferentes e interagindo com pessoas de diferentes universidades</italic> [&#8230;]. (Esperan&#231;a).</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Por&#233;m, quando em <italic>home office,</italic> os participantes destacaram como aspectos positivos melhora na alimenta&#231;&#227;o, h&#225;bitos adequados de sono, preparo das pr&#243;prias refei&#231;&#245;es, inclus&#227;o de h&#225;bitos saud&#225;veis na rotina, infus&#245;es e ch&#225;s, atividade f&#237;sica e aproxima&#231;&#227;o com a fam&#237;lia.</p>
        <p>Como tem&#225;ticas significativas envolvendo a conectividade, destaca o acesso &#224; comunica&#231;&#227;o, que poderia ser um facilitador, entretanto essa tem&#225;tica tamb&#233;m incluiu aspectos negativos, podendo ser considerados limites nas rotinas dos docentes. Tal aspecto desfavor&#225;vel se deu &#224; dificuldade dos interlocutores em compreender limites relacionados ao tempo e espa&#231;o no acesso ao outro, o imediatismo nas respostas, al&#233;m das atividades concomitantes realizadas sem pausas e descansos.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>a outra coisa que eu vejo assim como um ponto da conectividade negativo, que eu acho que pesa muito, inclusive na minha quest&#227;o organizacional, &#233; a facilidade que as pessoas t&#234;m para se comunicar com voc&#234;, independentemente do hor&#225;rio, independentemente do dia da semana, das fun&#231;&#245;es. O acesso, exigindo uma resposta imediata de algumas situa&#231;&#245;es, ficou muito mais f&#225;cil e, aqui, a ansiedade de uma resposta mais imediata fica mais fortificada, penso eu assim.</italic> (Consci&#234;ncia)</p>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>essa quest&#227;o de as pessoas n&#227;o terem at&#233; o bom senso de te mandar meia-noite, s&#225;bado, domingo, na hora do almo&#231;o. Ent&#227;o, como se a gente tivesse obriga&#231;&#227;o de estar &#8220;ligado&#8221; vinte e quatro horas, independente do hor&#225;rio.</italic> (Esperan&#231;a)</p>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>ent&#227;o, acho que &#233; isso: a gente n&#227;o se desconecta, tanto no sentido de a gente se comunicar com o outro, de n&#243;s enviarmos as mensagens, como tamb&#233;m de recebermos essas mensagens. Ent&#227;o, a gente tem que se policiar nos dois sentidos, nessa rela&#231;&#227;o de ida e volta, tanto n&#227;o enviar quanto tamb&#233;m tentar n&#227;o ler.</italic> (Autonomia)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>As possibilidades de realizar a&#231;&#245;es seguidas ou at&#233; mesmo simult&#226;neas levaram as pessoas a condi&#231;&#245;es de exaust&#227;o, gerando sentimentos de desmotiva&#231;&#227;o ao desenvolver/participar das a&#231;&#245;es remotas.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>a conectividade &#233; t&#227;o ampla e facilita tanto o acesso das coisas que a gente acessa v&#225;rias coisas ao mesmo tempo, come&#231;a a fazer uma coisa atr&#225;s da outra, uma atividade seguida da outra, sem pausa</italic> [&#8230;]. (Consci&#234;ncia)</p>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>as reuni&#245;es s&#227;o do meio-dia &#224;s 13h45. O hor&#225;rio de almo&#231;o dos profissionais. A insanidade que estamos chegando.</italic> (Autonomia)</p>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>v&#225;rios eventos online: lives, webinars, palestras. Tanta coisa superlegal acontecendo, mas eu n&#227;o consigo fazer nada.</italic> (Consci&#234;ncia)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, o compromisso docente se fez presente na possibilidade trazida pela conectividade relacionada ao aspecto do cansa&#231;o e necessidade de retorno imediato.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>final de semana, e os alunos mandando perguntas, sabe? Domingo. Ent&#227;o, eu pensei &#8220;n&#227;o, n&#227;o vou nem olhar&#8221;, porque, se eu abrir, eu vou responder. Eu n&#227;o aguento tamb&#233;m ver a d&#250;vida do aluno e n&#227;o responder.</italic> (Autonomia)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>O impacto f&#237;sico das a&#231;&#245;es remotas foi pontuado frente a dores, como no ouvido e dificuldade do <italic>feedback</italic> ac&#250;stico. Essa condi&#231;&#227;o influenciou indiretamente na produ&#231;&#227;o vocal do professor, que passou a exigir mais da sua voz, podendo gerar desconforto e impacto na qualidade vocal.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>e uma outra coisa tamb&#233;m: essa quest&#227;o de fone. Dor no ouvido j&#225; tenho por causa do uso abusivo de fone, eu percebo isso, j&#225; t&#225; muito dolorido, e a gente fala mais alto. Eu agora t&#244; tentando fazer isso aqui &#243;: colocar um lado s&#243;, pra ver se eu consigo falar mais baixo, porque, &#224;s vezes, minha filha fala &#8220;m&#227;e, voc&#234; t&#225; falando muito alto&#8221;, e a&#237; eu percebo que &#233; porque eu t&#244; com fone de ouvido. E depois, no di&#225;logo dentro de casa, o tom de voz continua elevado.</italic> (Autonomia)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Ao refletir sobre os impactos da conectividade, os participantes salientaram a sobrecarga, como a permiss&#227;o com a realiza&#231;&#227;o das atividades:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>nos permitindo e nos deixando nos permitir, a fazer com que a conectividade fique al&#233;m da nossa situa&#231;&#227;o de pessoa</italic> [&#8230;], [&#8230;] <italic>em momento de trabalhar os n&#227;os. Eu sei dizer n&#227;o? Eu consigo dizer n&#227;o? Esse &#233; o momento pra gente dizer o n&#227;o.</italic> (Humildade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>A conectividade tem sido presente no cotidiano de muitas pessoas, todavia tamb&#233;m pode levar a uma &#8220;sobrecarga&#8221; de informa&#231;&#245;es, que gera ansiedade e estresse, como observado nas falas anteriores. Uma participante relatou que, por vezes, buscou o afastamento dos dispositivos que a mantinham conectada, como TV, computador e <italic>smartphone</italic>, possibilitando, desse modo, momentos de pausa das suas atividades.</p>
        <p>Por meio do desvelamento da tem&#225;tica referente &#224; conectividade, os participantes referiram a a&#231;&#245;es poss&#237;veis de serem direcionadas, particularmente aos aspectos negativos. O processo de a&#231;&#227;o-reflex&#227;o-a&#231;&#227;o permitiu que o grupo compreendesse a necessidade de afirmar alguns posicionamentos. Desvelaram os seus pr&#243;prios limites, de se desconectar, desligar a <italic>internet</italic>.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>conectividade est&#225; fazendo na nossa vida. E algumas estrat&#233;gias de desvelamento que a gente pode estar trabalhando para melhorar nossa vida, e a gente tava conectado nela, mas a gente n&#227;o estava olhando.</italic> (Curiosidade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Os pontos positivos da conectividade foram retomados como forma de buscar a supera&#231;&#227;o das dificuldades vivenciadas na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria dos docentes em meio &#224; situa&#231;&#227;o pand&#234;mica vivenciada.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>eu percebo ela</italic> [a conectividade] <italic>como algo muito positivo n&#233;, na quest&#227;o de barreiras geogr&#225;ficas, de ter acesso</italic> [&#8230;] <italic>a capacidade de todos poderem se conectar ao mesmo tempo e assistir no momento, participar de uma mesma conversa.</italic> (Curiosidade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Durante a reflex&#227;o do grupo, acerca de pensamentos que pudessem desvelar a tem&#225;tica, tamb&#233;m foi levantada a discuss&#227;o sobre o necess&#225;rio exerc&#237;cio para que as pessoas n&#227;o tenham seus pensamentos fixados nas incertezas do futuro, desse modo, trazendo sua vida para o presente e buscando a melhor maneira de se adaptar com as dificuldades vivenciadas.</p>
        <p>Como um dos aspectos negativos da conectividade foi a percep&#231;&#227;o aumentada de ansiedade e estresse, algumas falas sugeriram o afastamento das redes sociais de modo excessivo:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>ent&#227;o, eu tento evitar alguns tipos de not&#237;cias e alguns sites que antes eu acessava, e eu evito entrar. E aquela dica n&#233;, pra gente tentar ficar e viver mais o presente, ent&#227;o vamos viver o agora. Qual &#233; o contexto do agora? Agora n&#243;s estamos no remoto e no futuro a gente vai ver como as coisas v&#227;o acontecer e como a gente vai se adaptar ao novo contexto que vai surgir.</italic> (Liberdade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>O grupo considerou as implica&#231;&#245;es negativas para o processo de aprendizagem dos discentes, todavia reafirmou que a pandemia trouxe desafios a todas as pessoas, mas que ainda pode ser poss&#237;vel buscar a forma&#231;&#227;o pautada nas necessidades dos alunos:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p>[&#8230;] <italic>tentar n&#227;o pensar que est&#225; tudo bem, que o ensino est&#225; sendo tranquilo, que n&#227;o tem nenhuma fragilidade, mas sim olhar para ele e pensar como pode ser melhorado. Como que esse aluno t&#225; recebendo, n&#227;o sei se &#233; essa palavra, mas assim como ele est&#225; atuando nesse processo, como ele est&#225; se vendo nesse processo, como ele est&#225; recebendo esse conte&#250;do</italic>. (Curiosidade)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>No fechamento da discuss&#227;o, foram pontuadas algumas a&#231;&#245;es necess&#225;rias de mudan&#231;as individuais e coletivas, para que os docentes pudessem lidar com os desafios do trabalho durante a pandemia. O grupo levantou a import&#226;ncia da higiene do sono, a redu&#231;&#227;o do acesso de aplicativos e redes que tenham envolvimento com o trabalho em seus momentos de descanso, a diminui&#231;&#227;o do tempo diante da televis&#227;o ou em sites com not&#237;cias ruins, a potencializa&#231;&#227;o do di&#225;logo entre os pares para trocas de experi&#234;ncias e a ajuda m&#250;tua no processo ensino-aprendizagem.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>DISCUSS&#195;O</title>
        <p>De acordo com a declara&#231;&#227;o da OMS referente &#224; primeira v&#237;tima confirmada com COVID-19 no Brasil, deu-se in&#237;cio a uma s&#233;rie de repercuss&#245;es e preocupa&#231;&#245;es intersetoriais no pa&#237;s. Perpassando o setor da sa&#250;de, diversos cen&#225;rios foram afetados e exigiram uma reorganiza&#231;&#227;o para se adequar &#224;s demandas da pandemia<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Em 17 de mar&#231;o de 2020, por meio da Portaria n&#186; 343, o Minist&#233;rio da Educa&#231;&#227;o substituiu as aulas presenciais por aulas digitais durante a situa&#231;&#227;o de pandemia de COVID-19<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. Essa medida foi tomada em decorr&#234;ncia dos primeiros casos da COVID-19 no Brasil; assim, uma nova proposta de educa&#231;&#227;o e de trabalho estava sendo concebida e todos tiveram que se adequar ao novo modelo de organiza&#231;&#227;o da sociedade: as pessoas, inclusive os docentes, trabalhando <italic>home office</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Diante dessa nova proposta, as institui&#231;&#245;es de ensino tiveram que reformular seus Projetos Pedag&#243;gicos do Curso (PPC), os planos de ensino e adotar o modelo de aula remota subsidiada por recursos tecnol&#243;gicos e digitais. Sendo assim, essa nova educa&#231;&#227;o foi uma solu&#231;&#227;o tempor&#225;ria para uma determinada situa&#231;&#227;o emergencial<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A educa&#231;&#227;o remota, a possibilidade de o aluno estar em um espa&#231;o geogr&#225;fico diferente do docente, foi implantada de maneira emergencial, pois docentes e alunos foram proibidos por meio de decretos municipais, estaduais e federais, de frequentarem institui&#231;&#245;es educacionais, para evitar a dissemina&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Os professores estavam acostumados &#224;s aulas presenciais e, na maioria das vezes, n&#227;o precisavam utilizar de muitos recursos tecnol&#243;gicos ou digitais, tiveram que deixar seu universo presencial, no qual tinham maestria, e se reinventar, pois a grande maioria n&#227;o estava preparada e nem capacitada para isso<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup>. Em um estudo realizado com docentes sobre o ensino n&#227;o presencial, destacou-se que esse gerou inseguran&#231;a e medo, faltando-lhes maior capacita&#231;&#227;o para o emprego de tecnologias virtuais<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Diante disso, houve grandes mudan&#231;as, tanto dos docentes quanto dos alunos, pois a forma de ensinar e aprender foi drasticamente modificada, observando-se uma ruptura no padr&#227;o pedag&#243;gico<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Por&#233;m, esse &#233; um momento de reflex&#227;o e de mudan&#231;as, e toda mudan&#231;a requer paci&#234;ncia, estudo, motiva&#231;&#227;o, quebra de paradigmas e conhecimento do novo; exige curiosidade, consci&#234;ncia cr&#237;tica, e a tecnologia traz est&#237;mulos e desafios &#224; curiosidade. Assim, o professor aprende, ensina e desperta no aluno reflex&#227;o cr&#237;tica e di&#225;logo. Portanto, parafraseando Paulo Freire<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>, o bom professor &#233; o que consegue, enquanto fala, trazer o aluno at&#233; a intimidade do movimento de seu pensamento. Independentemente do modo, seja presencial ou remoto, o professor consegue despertar no aluno a consci&#234;ncia cr&#237;tica, a curiosidade e a busca do conhecimento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Dessa forma, os diferentes desafios para colocar em pr&#225;tica outros modos de ensino exigiram que os docentes assumissem o processo de planejamento, as aulas s&#237;ncronas e ass&#237;ncronas, e a elabora&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias pedag&#243;gicas, permitindo que houvesse tanto um desgaste emocional quanto um des&#226;nimo e outras situa&#231;&#245;es de agravo &#224; sua sa&#250;de<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Corroborando com outros estudos que avaliaram o impacto da pandemia, esta pesquisa demonstra implica&#231;&#245;es &#224; sa&#250;de mental dos trabalhadores da educa&#231;&#227;o. A adapta&#231;&#227;o a um novo modo de viver culminou em interfer&#234;ncias na sa&#250;de mental das pessoas, incluindo mudan&#231;a na qualidade do sono, ansiedade e outros sintomas depressivos.</p>
        <p>Alguns fatores podem potencializar essa sensa&#231;&#227;o de sobrecarga, como o hist&#243;rico pr&#233;vio de ansiedade, ritmo exagerado de trabalho, desvaloriza&#231;&#227;o profissional, sucateamento do setor e condi&#231;&#245;es de trabalho que n&#227;o correspondem &#224;s demandas do servi&#231;o. Uma vez que o exerc&#237;cio da profiss&#227;o representa grande parte da vida das pessoas, &#233; necess&#225;rio um olhar aos elementos que estejam influenciando de modo negativo na qualidade de vida dos docentes<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A balan&#231;a entre os ganhos e perdas em meio ao contexto pand&#234;mico impactou a sa&#250;de mental dos docentes, frente &#224; migra&#231;&#227;o repentina da modalidade de aula remota e &#224; adapta&#231;&#227;o imediata das formas de ensino, conte&#250;dos e habilidades, como no aprofundamento do uso das tecnologias de informa&#231;&#227;o e comunica&#231;&#227;o, aspectos que por si geram sobrecarga no trabalho relacionada &#224; preocupa&#231;&#227;o com a qualidade do ensino<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A exig&#234;ncia cognitiva que o trabalho docente exige, associada a uma m&#225; qualidade do sono, pode repercutir diretamente no desempenho e satisfa&#231;&#227;o profissional, incidindo em maior sofrimento mental. Esse, por sua vez, pode ser acentuado diante das diferen&#231;as de g&#234;nero, pois, na divis&#227;o sexual do trabalho, as m&#250;ltiplas tarefas s&#227;o absorvidas pela mulher, o que aumenta a jornada de trabalho, considerando-se os afazeres dom&#233;stico e de cuidados com os filhos<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Percebe-se que o contexto de pandemia imp&#244;s aos docentes uma profunda reorganiza&#231;&#227;o de suas rotinas de trabalho. A barreira f&#237;sica entre trabalho e vida familiar, no domic&#237;lio, deixou de existir e, na maioria das vezes, for&#231;ou improvisa&#231;&#245;es diversas ao cotidiano familiar e dom&#233;stico, para permitir a estrutura m&#237;nima necess&#225;ria &#224;s atividades de ensino-aprendizagem. A remodelagem das formas de exercer a doc&#234;ncia e a revis&#227;o aguda dos tempos de trabalho e de vida familiar produziram consequ&#234;ncias negativas expressivas na sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e mental do docente. O escasso tempo di&#225;rio dedicado ao descanso e altas propor&#231;&#245;es de qualidade de sono ruim foram algumas das situa&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de identificadas no contexto da pandemia<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>O trabalho remoto possibilitou que aspectos positivos tamb&#233;m sejam apresentados, como o de potencializar o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores ao adquirir novas compet&#234;ncias na d&#237;ade professor-aluno, a otimiza&#231;&#227;o do tempo diante da diminui&#231;&#227;o de dist&#226;ncias, aproxima&#231;&#227;o do contexto familiar e quebra de barreiras geogr&#225;ficas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>. Faz-se fundamental, portanto, a oferta de suporte continuado ao docente para aproximar a rela&#231;&#227;o com as novas tecnologias de informa&#231;&#227;o e comunica&#231;&#227;o, evitando-se, assim, a sensa&#231;&#227;o de impot&#234;ncia diante dos desafios relacionados a essa modalidade de ensino<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, percebeu-se a fragiliza&#231;&#227;o, desvaloriza&#231;&#227;o, sofrimento e adoecimento do trabalho docente, em que a busca da sua autonomia est&#225; relacionada a formas de cuidado centradas no professor. As rela&#231;&#245;es entre autonomia e cuidado perpassam aspectos da sa&#250;de do trabalhador docente, podendo contribuir para a interdisciplinaridade na aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de deles e chave para a discuss&#227;o de uma cultura do cuidado tanto no trabalho virtual quanto presencial<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
          <p>O estudo teve como fator limitante a pouca ades&#227;o dos participantes na realiza&#231;&#227;o dos CCV. Acredita-se que, pelo excessivo trabalho remoto dos docentes, o desafio &#233; conciliar um hor&#225;rio com todos os professores para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do CCV, em raz&#227;o do ac&#250;mulo de atividades que desenvolvem no seu processo de trabalho.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Contribui&#231;&#245;es do estudo &#224; &#225;rea da sa&#250;de</title>
          <p>Este estudo contribui para que se possa conhecer as opini&#245;es dos docentes relacionadas ao ensino remoto e suas repercuss&#245;es na sa&#250;de mental desses profissionais durante a pandemia, bem como direcionar as discuss&#245;es sobre a tem&#225;tica nas institui&#231;&#245;es de ensino, compartilhando as experi&#234;ncias exitosas no ensino remoto durante a pandemia.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONSIDERA&#199;&#213;ES FINAIS</title>
        <p>Os docentes, durante os CCVs, dialogaram sobre sua viv&#234;ncia em criar, recriar e se adaptar ao ensino remoto. Discutiram sobre a conectividade constante e acesso &#224; comunica&#231;&#227;o como situa&#231;&#245;es que necessitam trabalhar para a viabiliza&#231;&#227;o do ensino <italic>online</italic> durante a pandemia de COVID-19.</p>
        <p>Destacaram desafios frente ao processo de ensino aprendizagem, elencando o agravamento da sa&#250;de mental e a necessidade de aprender novas tecnologias digitais. Ressaltaram a inseguran&#231;a e o medo em aprender a utilizar as ferramentas tecnol&#243;gicas e como essa modalidade do ensino virtual interferiu na vida cotidiana de cada docente, como invas&#227;o do espa&#231;o privado, qualidade do sono e falta de limites do tempo dedicado ao trabalho e ao lazer. Como potencialidades, salientaram o uso das ferramentas <italic>online</italic>, promovendo rela&#231;&#245;es de aproxima&#231;&#227;o entre as pessoas distantes geograficamente.</p>
        <p>O di&#225;logo nos C&#237;rculos de Cultura possibilitou refletir como a pandemia de COVID-19 est&#225; interferindo na sa&#250;de dos docentes. Por meio do Itiner&#225;rio de Pesquisa freireano, desvelou-se uma compreens&#227;o das repercuss&#245;es do agravamento da sa&#250;de mental e dos cuidados que s&#227;o necess&#225;rios. Por meio dos C&#237;rculos de Cultura, foi poss&#237;vel partilhar viv&#234;ncias congruentes e motiva&#231;&#245;es entre os pares, o cuidado de forma coletiva, refor&#231;ando esse espa&#231;o de media&#231;&#227;o e resili&#234;ncia.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
