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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rev Bras Enferm</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">reben</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Bras. Enferm.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7167</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1984-0446</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Enfermagem</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">hybcF4bddfsxBZtvkMTmbFB</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0034-71672022001100231</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0958</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00231</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coping with the health condition from the perspective of people with HIV who abandoned treatment</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
          <trans-title>El enfrentamiento de la condici&#243;n de salud en la perspectiva de las personas con VIH que abandonaron el tratamiento</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6883-1391</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mandu</surname>
            <given-names>Juliete Bispo dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6835-0574</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teston</surname>
            <given-names>Elen Ferraz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3493-9190</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Gleice Kelli Santana de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6607-362X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marcon</surname>
            <given-names>Sonia Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Campo Grande</city>
          <state>Mato Grosso do Sul</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Maring&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Maring&#225;</city>
          <state>Paran&#225;</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Maring&#225;. Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Juliete Bispo dos Santos Mandu, E-mail: <email>juliete-bispo@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR IN CHIEF: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Priscilla Valladares Broca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>75</volume>
      <issue>Suppl 2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20210958</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>to understand how people living with HIV who have abandoned treatment face their health condition.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>a qualitative study, based on the Chronic Care Model theoretical precepts. Data were collected between April and August 2021, through interviews with 24 people registered in a specialized service in the Brazilian Midwest.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>coping with the health condition included good and bad moments and is influenced by individual behaviors and the way in which the network was organized. Treatment abandonment was motivated by the absence of signs and symptoms, the way care is provided and medication side effects.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Final Considerations:</title>
          <p>care actions focusing on behavior change and maintenance become necessary in order to favor continuity of treatment. Furthermore, the gaps identified in the way health services are organized are subject to intervention.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
        <title>RESUMEN</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>comprender c&#243;mo las personas que viven con el VIH y que abandonaron el tratamiento enfrentan su condici&#243;n de salud.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>estudio cualitativo, basado en los preceptos te&#243;ricos del Modelo de Atenci&#243;n a las Condiciones Cr&#243;nicas. Los datos fueron recolectados entre abril y agosto de 2021, a trav&#233;s de entrevistas con 24 personas registradas en un servicio especializado en el Medio Oeste brasile&#241;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>el enfrentamiento de la condici&#243;n de salud incluy&#243; buenos y malos momentos y est&#225; influenciado por los comportamientos individuales y la forma en que se organiz&#243; la red. El abandono del tratamiento fue motivado por la ausencia de signos y s&#237;ntomas, la forma de atenci&#243;n y los efectos secundarios de la medicaci&#243;n.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Consideraciones Finales:</title>
          <p>se hacen necesarias acciones asistenciales centradas en el cambio y mantenimiento de la conducta para favorecer la continuidad del tratamiento. Adem&#225;s, las brechas identificadas en la forma en que se organizan los servicios de salud son objeto de intervenci&#243;n.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Descriptors:</title>
        <kwd>HIV</kwd>
        <kwd>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Therapeutics</kwd>
        <kwd>Chronic Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Continuity of Patient Care</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
        <title>Descriptores:</title>
        <kwd>VIH</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida</kwd>
        <kwd>Terap&#233;utica</kwd>
        <kwd>Enfermedad Cr&#243;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Continuidad de la Atenci&#243;n al Paciente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CAPES</funding-source>
          <award-id>001</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>The present work was carried out with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES - <italic>Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior</italic>) - Financing Code 001 and the <italic>Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul</italic> (UFMS).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
      <p>Although living with the HIV virus or even the AIDS disease no longer represents a death sentence, as in the early 1990s, but rather a chronic condition that can be kept under control, its confrontation is still a challenge for health services. In Brazil, in 2019, there were more than 38 million people living with HIV (PLHIV)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. Between 2007 and 2021, 381,793 cases of virus infection were reported, with an incidence of 32,701 in 2020, with a higher frequency of cases in the Southeast region (43.3%) and a lower incidence in the Midwest region (7.7%)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Considering this epidemiological scenario, over the years, some strategies aimed at the treatment/monitoring of PLHIV have been implemented in the country that contributed to the improvement of clinical results and increased survival of this population group<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>. Moreover, with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there were numerous benefits to the quality of life of these people and their link to health services<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup>. However, with the increase in life expectancy, new care challenges have emerged, such as the management of adverse events of ART in the long term, health complications of people who age with the disease, maintenance of ethical principles and the right to health, in addition to attending to social and economic factors, which can influence living with the disease and care actions. These challenges emphasize that care for these people cannot be restricted to dispensing ART, needing to consider the numerous factors related to chronic conditions<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this context, it is important to highlight the importance of comprehensive and continuous care actions in the different points of the Health Care Network (RAS), in order to favor the maintenance of PLHIV&#8217;s health<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>, which is congruent with the purposes of the Chronic Care Model (CCM). CCM considers the specificities of chronicity and the conditions of illness, the related and interrelated contexts in this process and also the person, their family, the social support and health care network, services, professionals, management and policies involved<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Although there are strategies to encourage compliance with ART and maintenance of follow-up, treatment abandonment, characterized by non-attendance to the service for three months to withdraw ART or non-return to appointments for a period longer than six months<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>, is still a prevalent problem and requires coping actions<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>A study carried out at the Specialized Care Service/Testing and Counseling Center, a reference in PLHIV care in the state of Amap&#225;, Brazil, identified the existence of mental problems (depression), the lack of a social support network and the difficulty to go to the health service as the main causes of treatment abandonment<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>. In turn, a study carried out in the countryside of the state of Minas Gerais, with PLHIV who attend a specialized service, pointed out that, with the COVID-19 pandemic, the daily lives of these people were greatly changed, especially in relation to psychological, social and biological aspects, which influenced treatment abandonment<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Faced with this, the question is: what aspects interfere in the way people with HIV face their health condition? Does the understanding that PLHIV have about the disease influence them in treatment abandonment? What other factors interfere with abandonment? It is believed that the results of this study may direct care actions for PLHIV, including psychosocial aspects in the approach used with them during follow-up, which may result in an improvement in their health conditions.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>OBJECTIVES</title>
      <p>To understand how people living with HIV who have abandoned treatment face their health condition.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>METHODS</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>This study complied with the ethical precepts provided for in Resolution 466/2012 of the Brazilian National Health Council. All participants signed the Informed Consent Form, and, to preserve their anonymity, in the presentation of results, extracts from their speeches are identified with the words Man and Woman to designate the biological sex, followed by a first number indicating age and a second referring to the time of diagnosis (e.g., Male 23, 6 years of diagnosis).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design</title>
        <p>This is a descriptive and exploratory study, of a qualitative nature, which used the CCM as a conceptual basis, which elucidates the need for productive interactions between users of health services and the health team that is proactive and prepared. This model includes some tools for the organization and operationalization of care, such as the use of risk stratification, the existence of a shared clinical information system and the implementation of actions that favor self-care based on care practice<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup> were used to guide the description of the study results.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study setting</title>
        <p>The study was carried out in the outpatient clinic of a state reference hospital for HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and other infectious and parasitic diseases, which also acts as a back-up for the outpatient clinic and infectious disease ward of the University Hospital, in a capital of midwestern Brazil. At the time of data collection, the hospital had nine unconventional hospitalization beds (day hospitalization), which allows the treatment and daily assessment of clinically stable PLHIV.</p>
        <p>The service operates from Monday to Friday, in the morning and afternoon, with an average of 60 appointments per week, with an average of 12 medical appointments with an infectious disease specialist per day. In addition to specialist doctors, nurses, nursing technicians, psychologists, social workers, pharmacists and volunteer academics in the health area (medicine and nursing) work in the service.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</title>
        <p>We included PLHIV over 18 years of age who dropped out of treatment. In turn, we excluded individuals deprived of their liberty and those who reported not being able to go to work.</p>
        <p>The possible participants were located from a list generated by the Medication Logistic Control System (SICLOM) referring to PLHIV in treatment abandonment. Initially, the main researcher performed a nominal search in the service&#8217;s epidemiological surveillance system to identify if there was a death record for some of the names included in the list, then she consulted the electronic medical records of all the people who remained in the relationship, in order to collect their telephone contacts. Subsequently, up to three contact attempts were made on alternate days and times, in an attempt to increase the success rate.</p>
        <p>Of the 290 individuals included in the treatment dropout list, there were 41 deaths, seven duplicate records (users were undergoing treatment at another service), one record of a negative HIV test, six children and two people who used ART as post-exposure prophylaxis. Of the 233 PLHIV who could participate in the study, it was not possible to contact 175 of them by telephone, due to non-answering the call (17) or incomplete registration/absence of telephone number (158).</p>
        <p>During the telephone contact made by the main researcher, the condition of treatment abandonment was confirmed, and, if so, as a strategy to return users to the service, an attempt was made to schedule a nursing appointment, which was performed by the main researcher, with the support of a health service nurse. The invitation to participate in the research was only made after the end of the nursing appointment, when the objective of the study and the type of participation desired were explained.</p>
        <p>Of the 58 contacts made, two reported having no interest in returning to treatment; four scheduled the appointment, but did not attend; 26 had already returned to treatment, but the information had not been updated in the system; and 26 attended the nursing appointment. Of these, two refused to participate in the study, but, like the others, resumed treatment. The number of participants, therefore, was defined by exhaustion, as it included all contacted people who agreed to participate in the study and also the achievement of the proposed objective.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data collection and organization</title>
        <p>Data were collected from April to August 2021, through individual interviews, audio-recorded after authorization, on the same day and place of nursing appointment. The interviews lasted an average of 25 minutes and were guided by the following guiding question: what motivated you to abandon treatment? A script was also used, consisting of questions to characterize the participants, prepared by the main researcher (age, skin color, marital status, education, income, occupation and municipality of residence), and some support questions that addressed experiences throughout the disease, understanding of disease, health care actions and factors that facilitated and made health care difficult.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data analysis</title>
        <p>The interviews were transcribed in full, preferably on the same day of their completion, and submitted to content analysis, thematic modality, following the three stages proposed<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>. In the pre-analysis, a detailed and exhaustive reading of speeches was carried out, to list the relevant points in relation to the study objectives. In material exploration, coding was performed, a process by which the raw data were systematically transformed and aggregated in the following units: health care; support network; changes after diagnosis; discontinuity in treatment; reasons that led to abandonment. Finally, the codes were grouped according to their similarities and gave rise to three categories, which were discussed in the light of CCM.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>RESULTS</title>
      <p>The 24 PLHIV, 12 of whom were women, were aged between 23 and 63 years (average of 37.9 years), 18 of them residing in the state capital and six in municipalities in the countryside. Thirteen of them were brown, six were black, four were white and one was yellow. Only three had completed higher education, seven had completed elementary school at most, and the others had completed high school (14). Regarding marital status, eight had partners, 13 were single, two were widowed and one was divorced.</p>
      <p>At the time of the interview, ten participants received some type of benefit from the government, such as a family allowance (two), emergency aid (two) and the Organic Law of Social Assistance (OLSA) (six). As for occupation, two were retired, two were housewives and the others performed various activities. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Chart 1</xref> shows the reasons for treatment abandonment.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Chart 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Reasons referred to by PLHIV for treatment abandonment, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2021</title>
        </caption>
        <table>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">Identification</th>
              <th align="left">Reasons for treatment abandonment</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 1</td>
              <td align="left">Side effects of medication; weight gain</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 2</td>
              <td align="left">Difficulty in accessing the service (locomotion); difficulty in connecting with the health service</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 3</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic; difficulty in accessing the service (locomotion)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 4</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic; difficulty in accessing the service (locomotion)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 5</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 6</td>
              <td align="left">She searched the Bible and felt she was healed</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 7</td>
              <td align="left">Depression and anxiety</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 8</td>
              <td align="left">Does not accept the diagnosis</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 9</td>
              <td align="left">Laziness to go to the service and does not care about the diagnosis</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 10</td>
              <td align="left">Shame to go to the health service</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 11</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 12</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 13</td>
              <td align="left">Discouragement, change of medication and schedule</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 14</td>
              <td align="left">Medication side effects; does not accept diagnosis</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 15</td>
              <td align="left">Medication side effects</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 16</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic; difficulty scheduling appointment</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 17</td>
              <td align="left">Difficulty in accessing health services (locomotion)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 18</td>
              <td align="left">Difficulty in accessing health services (locomotion)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 19</td>
              <td align="left">He reports that he had medications at home, for this reason he did not return to the health service</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 20</td>
              <td align="left">COVID-19 pandemic; discouragement at having to go to work alone</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 21</td>
              <td align="left">Difficulty in accessing health services (time incompatible with work)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 22</td>
              <td align="left">Medication side effects; discouragement after death of wife in 2000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Man 23</td>
              <td align="left">Difficulty accessing health service (time incompatible with work); COVID-19 pandemic</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Woman 24</td>
              <td align="left">Medication side effects (trouble sleeping)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>From the analysis of all interviews, two categories emerged, which will be described below:</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Coping with illness: changes occur early on, but do not always last</title>
        <p>Among the changes that occurred in the life context of PLHIV, the participants highlighted that, soon after the diagnosis, they adopted specific health care and healthy habits:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>I changed my diet, you have to take the medicine at the right time, you have to be up to date with exams, appointments, everything, vaccine, you have to be up to date with everything.</italic> (Man 5, 7 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>I played ball, cycled, went out, cut down on drinking, another thing that I changed a lot was in relation to my life, my routine changed a lot in relation to taking more care of sleep and body, I was more concerned not to abuse. We get older</italic> [...] <italic>and with this disease, resistance drops.</italic> (Man 22, 23 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>However, reports show that these behaviors sometimes did not sustain themselves over time.</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>Today, I don&#8217;t take care of myself at all, I&#8217;m just eating silly, drinking too much, my diet is very complicated these days, but I&#8217;ve already taken good care of myself.</italic> [...] <italic>at first, I cared a lot, when I was in the hospital and the doctor told me, I called my psychologist first, because I was already following up with her, then I told her everything that had happened and I always talked to her a lot, and today I stopped.</italic> (Man 1, 5 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Implicitly, the interviewees revealed that they understand the disease as a chronic condition:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>They</italic> [service professionals] <italic>treated me like any other disease, in the sense of needing treatment, medical follow-up, they asked me if I was taking the medication, they always had this care.</italic> (Man 4, 6 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>Here it is shown that yes, it is possible to have a normal life, a healthy life, even with a positive diagnosis.</italic> (Woman 14, 2 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>The reports included in this category show that the changes that occurred after diagnosis did not always remain, although participants showed that they understand that the chronic condition requires care over time.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Factors that influence coping with the disease</title>
        <p>The reports in this category highlight the strategies and/or factors that helped the PLHIV under study to face the disease, such as the perception of reception, whether in the church or in the health service itself:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>I was welcomed inside the church. My psychological treatment was more in the church than in the office itself. They</italic> [church staff] <italic>opened another tab to serve me and several other people, and a really cool project started.</italic> (Man 2, 3 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>I felt taken care of, they were always very calm, affectionate, careful to be talking about the subject and they never made me feel bad for saying something in that sense, so I feel a little more comfortable.</italic> (Man 4, 6 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>The way in which each person is treated here, I think that, as much as we make the mistake of abandoning treatment and coming back after a while, the way we are treated here remains the same, nothing changes.</italic> (Woman 24, 3 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>The existence of a pregnancy and the feeling of responsibility towards a child:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>I wanted to disappear</italic> [laughs]<italic>, but I remembered that he</italic> [son] <italic>was still in the belly, I had to be stronger for him.</italic> (Woman 15, 5 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>And the fact that you can help or be an example to other people:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>This exchange of helping and being helped is pretty cool, because that&#8217;s what helped me too.</italic> (Man 2, 3 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>I have a friend who turned positive and he said, &#8220;my friend, I just had this reaction that I had today, because I know you and I know you can live with the virus&#8221;.</italic> (Man 19, 6 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>In turn, the reports also show that some people experienced difficulties in maintaining activities that validate the role of people in society, especially work. In these cases, the possible confrontation was the withdrawal of these activities:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>My daughter used to say, &#8220;Mom, we know it&#8217;s not transmitted like that&#8221;. I had nothing that would contaminate the food, no wounds, or anything that would transmit it, but I stopped doing it to sell, because I thought I was putting other people&#8217;s lives at risk, maybe that&#8217;s why I stopped working and ended up getting depressed.</italic> (Woman 8, 5 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>When a person lives with HIV, it is difficult for society to accept to work. Look, I didn&#8217;t want to anymore, because it&#8217;s a bad feeling when you look for a service and have to say that you have the virus, it&#8217;s very bad.</italic> (Woman 20, 3 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Therefore, the strategies adopted by the research participants can act as instruments to alleviate fears, anxieties, weaknesses and conflicts, in addition to constituting possibilities to favor coping with the disease.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Factors that influence treatment abandonment</title>
        <p>Some reports show that the idea of well-being caused by the absence of signs and symptoms strongly influences discontinuity of treatment:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>I wasn&#8217;t taking any medicine, but I didn&#8217;t have anything and I didn&#8217;t even need to come. I was fine, I thought if I&#8217;m fine then it&#8217;s fine.</italic> (Man12, 4 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>Ah, I abandoned those times ago, in fact, it was careless not to go, as I didn&#8217;t feel anything, I watched until I could stand it, feeling calm</italic> [laughs]. (Man 13, 8 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Likewise, they emphasize that the lack of &#8220;support&#8221; and encouragement from close people can also discourage continuity of treatment, as well as the breaking of the bond with health professionals, the difficulties in traveling to the specialized service and the side effects of ART:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>What made me leave was this lack of having someone charge me. I know that my main interest is mine, because my health is mine, no one will stand by me until I die, but then, we miss someone to incentive me.</italic> (Man 1, 5 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>I was under treatment with a doctor and she moved out. After she moved out, I had a lot of difficulty continuing my treatment, she was already a friend, I already had confidence, she was already part of the family, she had that bond and trust, even because she spoke in a way that was not demanding and without accusing.</italic> (Man 22, 23 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>I abandoned it because of transport</italic> [...] <italic>I lived on the farm, so I had to go to town to sleep and wait for the car to come, but I had no place to stay.</italic> (Woman 3, 8 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>It&#8217;s been three times that I stopped doing the treatment, I felt sick mainly because of the medication side effects. There was vomiting, weakness and lack of appetite. I lost weight, I felt very bad, then I dropped the treatment and went back to feeling better, then, as I had no symptoms, I felt good as if I had nothing.</italic> (Woman 7, 17 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Two other aspects were pointed out as negative for continuity of treatment: the unpreparedness of the other points of the RAS, in addition to specialized service:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>Another service I went to looked like they were ashamed of us. In the service, it seemed they didn&#8217;t want to, they treated us as if we were anyone, any type of disease, and it&#8217;s not.</italic> (Woman 3, 8 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>If you tell me to go to the ECU instead of coming here, because it&#8217;s closer, I&#8217;ll continue to come here, because if I&#8217;m going to do some follow-up there, I won&#8217;t. If I have a problem, I&#8217;d rather come here, make an appointment and come back another day, but I won&#8217;t go somewhere else.</italic> (Man 5, 2 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>And the difficulty of accessing the specialized service, due to the restriction in the opening hours or in its form of organization:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>I think it would make it easier for people who live abroad to release the medication at once, because this business of coming every month to get medication, for those who live abroad, is complicated.</italic> (Woman 3, 8 years of diagnosis)</p>
          <p><italic>I&#8217;ve already experienced a lot of embarrassment for having to wait and face a huge queue... they said, &#8220;it&#8217;s past time&#8221;. I arrived at 7:30 am, because I have my jobs and my personal things and they said, &#8220;ah, the appointment is already over, you have to come back tomorrow&#8221;, &#8220;ah, there is no vacancy, everything is filled&#8221;, and that&#8217;s where you end up not going to the doctor, not getting your medication and not having treatment. This really encourages the patient to give up treatment, I went through this and it has happened that I give up the treatment there because I have these problems inside the hospital. If you don&#8217;t make an appointment, you don&#8217;t go to the doctor, if you don&#8217;t go to the doctor or nurse, you don&#8217;t take medication.</italic> (Man 23, 13 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>Finally, considering the context in which the data were collected, the fear of contamination triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic was also pointed out as a reason to abandon treatment:</p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>I was afraid to come, because the hospital is full of COVID, these people dying, so I was afraid to come.</italic> (Woman 10, 10 years of diagnosis)</p>
        </disp-quote>
        <p>The findings of this category highlight aspects to be considered in the planning of actions aimed at the care of PLHIV, with a view, including, to prevent ART abandonment.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>DISCUSSION</title>
      <p>Some research participants understand the need for continuous health care in relation to adopting a healthy diet, not drinking alcohol and the need to perform physical activity. However, over time, factors such as the feeling of well-being, absence of signs and symptoms, lack of a support network, breaking the link with the health service and difficulty in accessing treatment, favored treatment abandonment and health care non-maintenance.</p>
      <p>Sometimes, soon after the diagnosis of a chronic condition, individuals tend to adopt changes in behavior that favor their own health care. In the case of PLHIV, for example, the will to live can be a motivating factor for behavior change and a re-signification of their own lives<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>It should be noted that actions to promote the well-being and quality of life of people with a chronic condition involve more than drug treatment, requiring the implementation of behavioral changes in relation to daily habits, in order to promote self-care, one of the elements proposed by CCM. Thus, considering that self-care actions taken by people with a chronic condition can delay disease progression and improve long-term health outcomes<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>, identifying behaviors and risk factors allows professionals to build a joint, comprehensive care/self-care plan that favors continuous monitoring<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Concerning this, actions, such as the establishment of bonds between professionals and service users, favor comprehensive and continuous care. The bond gives health professionals the opportunity to identify unique needs and direct care actions with a view to promoting behavior change and supporting maintenance over time<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. A study carried out in Paran&#225; highlighted the importance of consolidating the bond between professionals and users and the reception, even after abandoning treatment<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>, these aspects are considered determinant in the adhesion, retention and linking of PLHIV to the RAS services.</p>
      <p>It was observed, in the results, that the abandonment of daily actions, such as work activities, is influenced by the fear of experiencing stigma and prejudice in the work environment. This result supports a study conducted in Brazil with adults living with HIV, which pointed out the occurrence of withdrawal from occupational functions after discovery of diagnosis due to prejudice and discrimination<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>. In view of this, the recognition of these experiences is essential in chronic disease management, as they guide the establishment of interventions that consider social determinants in health promotion<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Although each individual has their particularities in relation to coping with a chronic condition, the search for support in religion was found to be an important strategy adopted in this process. This finding corroborates the results of a study carried out with 48 seropositive elderly people from Recife, Pernambuco, which ratified the contribution of religion and/or the search for support in religious institutions to strengthen psychological and emotional aspects, in addition to promoting greater acceptance in compliance with treatment<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Other strategies can help to minimize the difficulties that permeate the chronicity of the disease, including the understanding that HIV is a treatable disease and not a death sentence<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup> and the tightening of bonds and friendship between PLHIV created from the exchange of experiences in relation to the experience of the disease<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>)</sup>. These aspects act as strategies that minimize fears, anxieties, weaknesses and conflicts and, consequently, can positively impact treatment compliance.</p>
      <p>It should be noted that people living with a chronic condition may not recognize the need to comply with drug treatment continuously, due to the absence of signs and symptoms<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup>, as identified in relation to some participants in this study. In view of this, it is asserted that the monitoring of PLHIV needs to be permeated by strategic actions that favor understanding of the possible repercussions resulting from the lack of adequate treatment.</p>
      <p>Another reason for abandoning treatment highlighted by the participants was the absence of a support network. A literature review study points out that PLHIV who have a consolidated support network are more confident, persevering, comply better with treatment and accept the diagnosis more easily. However, when this network is weakened, failures occur in the therapeutic process, there is treatment abandonment, decline in physical and mental health conditions, sometimes responsible for increased viral replication and the emergence of opportunistic diseases<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>)</sup>. In this sense, the importance of identifying and mapping this network during the nursing appointment is highlighted, in order to include it in the planning and implementation of strategic care actions.</p>
      <p>It was observed that the difficulty of using other services that make up the RAS, due to the way they are approached, which includes the lack of reception, was also mentioned as a factor that interferes with treatment maintenance. However, restriction of care to specialized care, in addition to overloading these services, also limits care. It is noteworthy that this chronic condition demands comprehensive and unique care that needs to be provided at different points in the RAS.</p>
      <p>The decentralization of care to other points in the network involves, in addition to diagnosis, actions aimed at longitudinal and comprehensive care in the monitoring of PLHIV, providing an opportunity for services to respond to the growing demands of this population<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>. However, a study carried out in Recife pointed out that, because it is a recent process for Primary Health Care (PHC), the decentralization of care for this portion of the population generates insecurity, which sometimes limits the work process for carrying out the rapid test<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>. Thus, there is an urgent need to stimulate discussions between the different members of care team and managers, to strengthen the strategic actions of decentralization of care and circumvent flaws that can be identified in this process.</p>
      <p>In this sense, a study carried out with professionals from three Family Health Strategy teams in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, highlighted the potential that the decentralization process can bring, among which: greater sensitivity of PHC teams in relation to epidemiological data; expansion of access to monitoring the health and illness condition of these people; work logic guided by the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS <italic>- Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de</italic>) and family health; and expanding community participation<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup>. Thus, although permeated by some gaps, the process of decentralizing care to PLHIV constitutes an opportunity to expand the reception and linking of these individuals to health services, which is essential considering the difficulties that people face in maintaining behavioral changes in the long term<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>. Faced with this, it is necessary to rethink the care practices offered to PLHIV at different points in the RAS, as the need to change behavior is essential in any chronic condition. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in light technologies that favor the strengthening of relationships between health teams and users.</p>
      <p>The difficulties related to the flow of care in the RAS mentioned by the participants also corroborate the result of a study carried out in Fortaleza, Cear&#225;, which found that the difficulty of access is a discouraging factor associated with discontinuity of treatment<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup>. However, it is necessary for individuals to recognize that access to the health service involves, in addition to taking the medication and carrying out a medical appointment, the provision of continuous monitoring actions.</p>
      <p>It is unquestionable that compliance with ART is a fundamental factor in the total suppression of viral replication and in quality of life promotion, but there are still obstacles related to side effects. In this sense, In order to minimize these impacts, research carried out on the coast of Kenya, with 49 adults and young people living with HIV, pointed out that innovative treatment models, such as injectable ART, make it possible to reduce side effects and, consequently, treatment abandonment<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Still related to the care flow, it should be noted that the use of tools proposed by the CCM, such as risk stratification, assists in the identification of specificities and demands<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>)</sup>, which may be a possibility to make pre-established flows more flexible, since it organizes the care offer from risk strata. Its use by PHC professionals in the follow-up of other chronic conditions, such as hypertension, favored the development of comprehensive and individualized care<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Although there are no validated criteria for risk stratification of PLHIV in the literature, a study carried out in the state of Para&#237;ba presents suggestions that can be used for clinical risk classification in PLHIV, such as detection of viral load, presence of opportunistic diseases, chronic diseases and clinical manifestations<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Finally, it is important to consider that public health emergency situations, such as the pandemic caused by the coronavirus, constitute a factor that limits access to health services. With regard to people with chronic conditions, assistance was interrupted, because professionals had to restructure the service dynamics, considering the transmission barrier of the COVID-19 virus and the reduction of risks to the population<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>)</sup>. Thus, although the scenario is one of exceptional situations, the importance of an attentive look of health teams for the early creation of new mechanisms that favor maintenance of care for PLHIV is highlighted, in order to prevent treatment abandonment and the emergence of future complications.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study limitations</title>
        <p>A limitation of this study is the impossibility of contacting all users identified as having abandoned treatment, due to outdated data recording and lack of integration between the specialized service and epidemiological surveillance systems. Likewise, the approach of people who voluntarily returned to the service could contribute to a better elucidation of the phenomenon under study.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Contributions to nursing and health</title>
        <p>The identification of weaknesses that can influence treatment compliance and maintenance brings contributions to nursing and the health team, as it favors reflection on the way in which the network is organized, in particular, on the care decentralization process and the tools used in practice to stratify, recognize, welcome, link and retain PLHIV to health services, contributing to comprehensive and continuous care.</p>
        <p>Furthermore, the results show that carrying out an active search for PLHIV who abandoned treatment, by telephone contact, for instance, constitutes a soft technology that can be adopted in the routine of services, being an effective strategy in the reduction of cases of treatment abandonment. To this end, it is essential to keep registration data updated, as well as the registration of several possible contacts.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>FINAL CONSIDERATIONS</title>
      <p>Coping with the health condition by PLHIV who abandoned treatment included good and bad times, and is influenced by individual behaviors and the way health services are organized.</p>
      <p>Understand how PLHIV who abandoned treatment face their health condition, enabling the identification of care gaps that can influence compliance, attachment and retention of these people to treatment and care actions. It is necessary, during the planning of actions, to approach users regarding the importance of lasting behavior change, especially as it is a chronic condition. Moreover, after identifying the factors that help to address this chronicity, these factors can be used as potentiators of care actions.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>FUNDING</bold>
        </p>
        <p>The present work was carried out with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES - <italic>Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior</italic>) - Financing Code 001 and the <italic>Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul</italic> (UFMS).</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0958pt</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Enfrentamento da condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de na perspectiva de pessoas com HIV que abandonaram o tratamento</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6883-1391</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mandu</surname>
            <given-names>Juliete Bispo dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6835-0574</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teston</surname>
            <given-names>Elen Ferraz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3493-9190</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Gleice Kelli Santana de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6607-362X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marcon</surname>
            <given-names>Sonia Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">II</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Maring&#225;. Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Autor Correspondente:</bold> Juliete Bispo dos Santos Mandu, E-mail: <email>juliete-bispo@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR CHEFE: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR ASSOCIADO: Priscilla Valladares Broca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>compreender como pessoas que vivem com o HIV e que abandonaram o tratamento enfrentam sua condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>estudo qualitativo, fundamentado nos preceitos te&#243;ricos do Modelo de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224;s Condi&#231;&#245;es Cr&#244;nicas. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e agosto de 2021, mediante entrevistas com 24 pessoas cadastradas em um servi&#231;o especializado no Centro-Oeste brasileiro.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>o enfrentamento da condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de incluiu momentos bons e ruins e &#233; influenciado por comportamentos individuais e pelo modo com que a rede se organizava. O abandono do tratamento foi motivado pela aus&#234;ncia de sinais e sintomas, pelo modo como o cuidado &#233; ofertado e pelos efeitos colaterais do medicamento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es Finais:</title>
          <p>tornam-se necess&#225;rias a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado com enfoque na mudan&#231;a de comportamento e manuten&#231;&#227;o com vistas a favorecer a continuidade do tratamento. Ademais, as lacunas identificadas no modo como os servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de se organizam s&#227;o pass&#237;veis de interven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Descritores:</title>
        <kwd>HIV</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome de Imunodefici&#234;ncia Adquirida</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Cr&#244;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Continuidade da Assist&#234;ncia ao Paciente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CAPES</funding-source>
          <award-id>001</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>O presente trabalho foi realizado com o apoio da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - C&#243;digo de Financiamento 001 e da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</title>
        <p>Embora viver com o v&#237;rus HIV ou mesmo a doen&#231;a Aids n&#227;o represente mais uma senten&#231;a de morte, como no in&#237;cio dos anos de 1990, mas sim uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica que pode ser mantida sob controle, o seu enfrentamento ainda constitui um desafio para os servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de. No Brasil, em 2019, existiam mais de 38 milh&#245;es de pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. Entre 2007 e 2021, foram notificados 381.793 casos de infec&#231;&#227;o pelo v&#237;rus, sendo a incid&#234;ncia em 2020 de 32.701, com maior frequ&#234;ncia de casos na regi&#227;o Sudeste (43,3%) e menor na regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste (7,7%)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Frente a este panorama epidemiol&#243;gico, ao longo dos anos, foram implantadas no pa&#237;s algumas estrat&#233;gias voltadas para o tratamento/acompanhamento das PVHIV que contribu&#237;ram para a melhora dos resultados cl&#237;nicos e o aumento da sobrevida dessa parcela populacional<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>. Ademais, com o advento da terapia antirretroviral (TARV), observaram-se in&#250;meros benef&#237;cios &#224; qualidade de vida dessas pessoas e a vincula&#231;&#227;o das mesmas aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup>. Contudo, com o aumento da expectativa de vida, surgiram novos desafios assistenciais, como o manejo dos eventos adversos da TARV ao longo prazo, as complica&#231;&#245;es na sa&#250;de de pessoas que envelhecem com a doen&#231;a, a manuten&#231;&#227;o dos princ&#237;pios &#233;ticos e de direito &#224; sa&#250;de, al&#233;m de atendimento a fatores sociais e econ&#244;micos, que podem influenciar no conv&#237;vio com a doen&#231;a e nas a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado. Esses desafios ressaltam que a assist&#234;ncia a essas pessoas n&#227;o pode se restringir &#224; dispensa&#231;&#227;o da TARV, necessitando considerar os in&#250;meros fatores relacionados &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Neste contexto, cabe destacar a import&#226;ncia de a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado integral e continuado nos diferentes pontos da Rede de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de (RAS), a fim de favorecer a manuten&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de das PVHIV<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>, o que &#233; congruente com os prop&#243;sitos do Modelo de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224;s Condi&#231;&#245;es Cr&#244;nicas (MACC). O MACC considera as especificidades da cronicidade e as condi&#231;&#245;es de adoecimento, os contextos relacionados e interrelacionados nesse processo e tamb&#233;m a pessoa, sua fam&#237;lia, a rede de apoio social e de aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de, os servi&#231;os, os profissionais, a gest&#227;o e as pol&#237;ticas envolvidas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Embora existam estrat&#233;gias de est&#237;mulo &#224; ades&#227;o &#224; TARV e &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o do acompanhamento, o abandono de tratamento, caracterizado pelo n&#227;o comparecimento ao servi&#231;o por tr&#234;s meses para retirar a TARV ou o n&#227;o retorno &#224;s consultas por per&#237;odo maior que seis meses<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>, ainda constitui um problema prevalente e que necessita de a&#231;&#245;es de enfrentamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Estudo realizado no Servi&#231;o de Atendimento Especializado/Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento, refer&#234;ncia em atendimento de PVHIV no estado do Amap&#225;, Brasil, identificou como principais causas de abandono de tratamento a exist&#234;ncia de problemas mentais (depress&#227;o), a falta de uma rede social de apoio e a dificuldade para ir ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>. Por sua vez, estudo realizado no interior do estado de Minas Gerais, com PVHIV que frequentam um servi&#231;o especializado, apontou que, com a pandemia de COVID-19, o cotidiano dessas pessoas foi muito alterado, sobretudo em rela&#231;&#227;o aos aspectos psicol&#243;gicos, sociais e biol&#243;gicos, o que influenciou no abandono do tratamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Frente a isso questiona-se: quais aspectos interferem no modo como as pessoas com HIV enfrentam sua condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de? A compreens&#227;o que as PVHIV t&#234;m sobre a doen&#231;a as influencia no abandono do tratamento? Que outros fatores interferem no abandono? Acredita-se que os resultados do estudo poder&#227;o direcionar as a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado &#224;s PVHIV, inclusive inserindo aspectos psicossociais na abordagem utilizada junto &#224;s mesmas durante o acompanhamento, o que poder&#225; resultar em melhoria em suas condi&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>OBJETIVOS</title>
        <p>Compreender como pessoas que vivem com o HIV e que abandonaram o tratamento enfrentam sua condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#201;TODOS</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>Este estudo atendeu aos preceitos &#233;ticos previstos na Resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de. Todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, e, para preservar-lhes o anonimato, na apresenta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados, os extratos de suas falas est&#227;o identificados com as palavras Homem e Mulher para designar o sexo biol&#243;gico, seguidas de um primeiro n&#250;mero indicativo da idade e um segundo referente ao tempo de diagn&#243;stico (ex, Homem 23, 6 anos de diagn&#243;stico).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Tipo de estudo</title>
          <p>Estudo descritivo e explorat&#243;rio, de natureza qualitativa, que utilizou como base conceitual o MACC, o qual elucida a necessidade de intera&#231;&#245;es produtivas entre os usu&#225;rios dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de e equipe de sa&#250;de que seja proativa e preparada. O referido modelo contempla algumas ferramentas para organiza&#231;&#227;o e operacionaliza&#231;&#227;o da assist&#234;ncia, como utiliza&#231;&#227;o da estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, exist&#234;ncia de um sistema de informa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica compartilhado e implementa&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es que favore&#231;am o autocuidado apoiado na pr&#225;tica assistencial<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>Os crit&#233;rios do <italic>COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research</italic> (COREQ)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup> foram utilizados para guiar a descri&#231;&#227;o dos resultados do estudo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Cen&#225;rio do estudo</title>
          <p>O estudo foi realizado no ambulat&#243;rio de um hospital de refer&#234;ncia estadual para HIV/Aids, hepatites virais e outras doen&#231;as infecciosas e parasit&#225;rias, que tamb&#233;m funciona como retaguarda para o ambulat&#243;rio e enfermaria de infectologia do Hospital Universit&#225;rio, em uma capital do centro-oeste brasileiro. Por ocasi&#227;o da coleta de dados, o hospital contava com nove leitos de interna&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o convencionais (interna&#231;&#227;o dia), que permite o tratamento e avalia&#231;&#227;o di&#225;ria das PVHIV clinicamente est&#225;veis.</p>
          <p>O servi&#231;o funciona de segunda a sexta-feira, nos per&#237;odos matutino e vespertino, com uma m&#233;dia de 60 atendimentos por semana, sendo disponibilizadas, em m&#233;dia, 12 consultas m&#233;dicas com infectologista por dia. Al&#233;m dos m&#233;dicos especialistas, atuam no servi&#231;o enfermeiros, t&#233;cnicos de enfermagem, psic&#243;logos, assistentes sociais, farmac&#234;uticos e acad&#234;micos volunt&#225;rios da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de (medicina e enfermagem).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo PVHIV maiores de 18 anos que abandonaram o tratamento. Por sua vez, foram exclu&#237;dos indiv&#237;duos privados de liberdade e aqueles que referiam n&#227;o ter condi&#231;&#245;es de se deslocarem at&#233; o servi&#231;o.</p>
          <p>Os poss&#237;veis participantes foram localizados a partir de listagem gerada pelo Sistema de Controle Log&#237;stico de Medicamentos (SICLOM) referente &#224;s PVHIV em abandono de tratamento. Inicialmente, a pesquisadora principal realizou busca nominal no sistema de vigil&#226;ncia epidemiol&#243;gica do servi&#231;o para identificar se existia registro de &#243;bito de alguns dos nomes inclu&#237;dos na rela&#231;&#227;o e, ap&#243;s, consultou o prontu&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico de todas as pessoas que permaneceram na rela&#231;&#227;o, para levantamento dos contatos telef&#244;nicos. Posteriormente, foram realizadas at&#233; tr&#234;s tentativas de contato em dias e hor&#225;rios alternados, em uma tentativa de ampliar a taxa de sucesso.</p>
          <p>Dos 290 indiv&#237;duos constantes na rela&#231;&#227;o de abandono de tratamento, constatou-se a presen&#231;a de 41 &#243;bitos, sete registros duplicados (usu&#225;rios realizavam tratamento em outro servi&#231;o), um registro de exame de HIV negativo, seis crian&#231;as e duas pessoas que utilizaram a TARV como profilaxia p&#243;s-exposi&#231;&#227;o. Das 233 PVHIV pass&#237;veis de participarem do estudo, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel contato telef&#244;nico com 175 delas, em decorr&#234;ncia do n&#227;o atendimento ao chamado (17) ou incompletude de registro/aus&#234;ncia do n&#250;mero de telefone (158).</p>
          <p>Durante o contato telef&#244;nico realizado pela pesquisadora principal, foi confirmada a condi&#231;&#227;o de abandono de tratamento, e, em caso positivo, como estrat&#233;gia para retorno do usu&#225;rio ao servi&#231;o, tentava-se agendar uma consulta de enfermagem, que foi realizada pela pesquisadora principal, com apoio de uma das enfermeiras do servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de. O convite para participar da pesquisa s&#243; foi realizado ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino da consulta de enfermagem, ocasi&#227;o em que foi explicitado o objetivo do estudo e tipo de participa&#231;&#227;o desejada.</p>
          <p>Dos 58 contatos realizados, dois referiram n&#227;o ter interesse em retornar ao tratamento; quatro agendaram a consulta, mas n&#227;o compareceram; 26 j&#225; haviam retornado ao tratamento, mas a informa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o havia sido atualizada no sistema; e 26 compareceram &#224; consulta de enfermagem. Destes, dois n&#227;o aceitaram participar do estudo, mas, como os demais, retomaram o tratamento. O n&#250;mero de participantes, portanto, foi definido por exaust&#227;o, pois incluiu todas as pessoas contatadas que aceitaram participar do estudo e tamb&#233;m o alcance do objetivo proposto.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Coleta e organiza&#231;&#227;o dos dados</title>
          <p>Os dados foram coletados no per&#237;odo de abril a agosto de 2021, mediante entrevista individual, audiogravada ap&#243;s autoriza&#231;&#227;o, no mesmo dia e local da consulta de enfermagem. As entrevistas tiveram dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 25 minutos e foram guiadas pela seguinte quest&#227;o norteadora: o que te motivou a abandonar o tratamento? Tamb&#233;m foi utilizado um roteiro constitu&#237;do por quest&#245;es de caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos participantes, elaborado pela pesquisadora principal (idade, cor da pele, estado civil, escolaridade, renda, ocupa&#231;&#227;o e munic&#237;pio de resid&#234;ncia), e algumas quest&#245;es de apoio que abordaram viv&#234;ncias ao longo da doen&#231;a, compreens&#227;o sobre a doen&#231;a, a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado com a sa&#250;de e fatores que facilitaram e que dificultaram os cuidados com a sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise dos dados</title>
          <p>As entrevistas foram transcritas na &#237;ntegra, preferencialmente no mesmo dia de sua realiza&#231;&#227;o, e submetidas &#224; an&#225;lise de conte&#250;do, modalidade tem&#225;tica, seguindo as tr&#234;s etapas propostas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>. Na pr&#233;-an&#225;lise, foi realizada leitura flutuante e exaustiva das falas, para listar os pontos relevantes frente aos objetivos do estudo. Na explora&#231;&#227;o do material, ocorreu a codifica&#231;&#227;o, processo pelo qual os dados brutos foram transformados sistematicamente e agregados nas seguintes unidades: cuidados com a sa&#250;de; rede de apoio; mudan&#231;as ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico; descontinuidade no tratamento; motivos que ocasionaram o abandono. Por &#250;ltimo, os c&#243;digos foram agrupados de acordo com suas semelhan&#231;as e deram origem a tr&#234;s categorias, as quais foram discutidas &#224; luz do MACC.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>RESULTADOS</title>
        <p>As 24 PVHIV, sendo 12 mulheres, tinham idades entre 23 e 63 anos (m&#233;dia de 37,9 anos), sendo 18 residentes na capital do estado e seis em munic&#237;pios do interior. Treze delas eram pardas, seis eram negras, quatro eram brancas e uma era amarela. Apenas tr&#234;s tinham ensino superior completo, sete tinham, no m&#225;ximo, ensino fundamental completo e as demais possu&#237;am ensino m&#233;dio completo (14). Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao estado civil, oito tinham companheiros, 13 eram solteiros, dois eram vi&#250;vos e uma era divorciada.</p>
        <p>Por ocasi&#227;o da entrevista, dez participantes recebiam algum tipo de benef&#237;cio do governo, como bolsa fam&#237;lia (dois), aux&#237;lio emergencial (dois) e Lei Org&#226;nica da Assist&#234;ncia Social (LOAS) (seis). Quanto &#224; ocupa&#231;&#227;o, dois eram aposentados, duas eram do lar e os demais exerciam atividades diversas. No <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Quadro 1</xref>, est&#227;o apresentados os motivos referidos para o abandono de tratamento.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Quadro 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Motivos referidos por PVHIV para o abandono do tratamento, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2021</title>
          </caption>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">Identifica&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="left">Motivos do abandono de tratamento</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 1</td>
                <td align="left">Efeitos colaterais da medica&#231;&#227;o; ganho de peso</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 2</td>
                <td align="left">Dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o (locomo&#231;&#227;o); dificuldade de v&#237;nculo com o servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 3</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19; dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o (locomo&#231;&#227;o)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 4</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19; dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o (locomo&#231;&#227;o)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 5</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 6</td>
                <td align="left">Buscou na B&#237;blia e sentiu que foi curada</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 7</td>
                <td align="left">Depress&#227;o e ansiedade</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 8</td>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o aceita o diagn&#243;stico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 9</td>
                <td align="left">Pregui&#231;a de ir ao servi&#231;o e n&#227;o se importa com o diagn&#243;stico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 10</td>
                <td align="left">Vergonha de ir ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 11</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 12</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 13</td>
                <td align="left">Des&#226;nimo, troca da medica&#231;&#227;o e hor&#225;rio</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 14</td>
                <td align="left">Efeitos colaterais da medica&#231;&#227;o; n&#227;o aceita o diagn&#243;stico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 15</td>
                <td align="left">Efeitos colaterais da medica&#231;&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 16</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19; dificuldade para agendar consulta</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 17</td>
                <td align="left">Dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de (locomo&#231;&#227;o)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 18</td>
                <td align="left">Dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de (locomo&#231;&#227;o)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 19</td>
                <td align="left">Relata que tinha medica&#231;&#245;es em casa, por esse motivo n&#227;o retornou ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 20</td>
                <td align="left">Pandemia de COVID-19; des&#226;nimo por ter que ir sozinha ao servi&#231;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 21</td>
                <td align="left">Dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de (hor&#225;rio incompat&#237;vel com o trabalho)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 22</td>
                <td align="left">Efeitos colaterais da medica&#231;&#227;o; des&#226;nimo ap&#243;s morte da esposa em 2000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Homem 23</td>
                <td align="left">Dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de (hor&#225;rio incompat&#237;vel com o trabalho); pandemia de COVID-19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mulher 24</td>
                <td align="left">Efeito colateral da medica&#231;&#227;o (dificuldade para dormir)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Da an&#225;lise das entrevistas, surgiram duas categorias, as quais ser&#227;o descritas a seguir:</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Enfrentando a doen&#231;a: mudan&#231;as ocorrem no in&#237;cio, mas nem sempre se perpetuam</title>
          <p>Dentre as mudan&#231;as ocorridas no contexto de vida das PVHIV, os participantes destacaram que, logo ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico, adotaram cuidados espec&#237;ficos com a sa&#250;de e h&#225;bitos saud&#225;veis:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Mudei a alimenta&#231;&#227;o, voc&#234; tem que tomar os rem&#233;dios no hor&#225;rio certo, voc&#234; tem que estar em dia com exames, com consultas, com tudo, vacina, voc&#234; tem que estar com tudo em dia.</italic> (Homem 5, 7 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Eu jogava bola, pedalava, sa&#237;a, diminu&#237; a bebida, outra coisa que eu mudei bastante foi em rela&#231;&#227;o a minha vida, minha rotina mudou muito em rela&#231;&#227;o a cuidar mais do sono e do corpo, eu me preocupava mais a n&#227;o abusar. A gente vai ficando mais velho</italic> [...] <italic>e com essa doen&#231;a a resist&#234;ncia cai.</italic> (Homem 22, 23 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Contudo, os relatos mostram que esses comportamentos, &#224;s vezes, n&#227;o se sustentaram ao longo do tempo:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Hoje, n&#227;o cuido nada em mim, estou comendo s&#243; bobeira, bebendo demais, est&#225; bem complicado hoje em dia minha alimenta&#231;&#227;o, mas eu j&#225; me cuidei bem.</italic> [...] <italic>no come&#231;o, eu me importei bastante, quando eu estava no hospital e o m&#233;dico falou pra mim, eu liguei primeiro para minha psic&#243;loga que eu j&#225; fazia acompanhamento com ela, a&#237; contei para ela tudinho que tinha acontecido e eu sempre assim conversava muito com ela, e hoje em dia eu parei.</italic> (Homem 1, 5 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Implicitamente, os entrevistados revelaram que compreendem a doen&#231;a como uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Eles</italic> [profissionais do servi&#231;o] <italic>me trataram como uma doen&#231;a qualquer, no sentido de precisar de tratamento, acompanhamento m&#233;dico, me perguntavam se eu estava tomando o rem&#233;dio, sempre tinham esse cuidado.</italic> (Homem 4, 6 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Aqui &#233; mostrado que sim, que d&#225; pra ter uma vida normal, uma vida saud&#225;vel, mesmo com diagn&#243;stico positivo.</italic> (Mulher 14, 2 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Os relatos inclu&#237;dos nesta categoria evidenciam que as mudan&#231;as que ocorreram ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a nem sempre permaneceram, embora os participantes tenham demonstrado que compreendem que a condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica exige cuidados ao longo do tempo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Fatores que influenciam o enfrentamento da doen&#231;a</title>
          <p>Os relatos desta categoria destacam as estrat&#233;gias e/ou fatores que ajudaram as PVHIV em estudo a enfrentar a doen&#231;a, como a percep&#231;&#227;o de acolhimento, seja na igreja ou no pr&#243;prio servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Fui acolhido dentro da igreja. O meu tratamento psicol&#243;gico foi mais dentro da igreja do que no consult&#243;rio mesmo. Eles</italic> [equipe da igreja] <italic>abriram uma outra aba para atender eu e v&#225;rias outras pessoas, e come&#231;ou um projeto bem legal.</italic> (Homem 2, 3 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Eu me senti cuidada, sempre foram muito tranquilos, carinhosos, cuidadosos para estar falando sobre o assunto e nunca fizeram eu me sentir ruim pra falar algo nesse sentido, ent&#227;o eu fico um pouco mais &#224; vontade.</italic> (Homem 4, 6 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>A forma do atendimento de cada pessoa aqui, eu acho que, por mais que a gente erre em abandonar o tratamento e volte depois de um tempo, o jeito que a gente &#233; tratado aqui continua sendo o mesmo, nada muda.</italic> (Mulher 24, 3 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>A exist&#234;ncia de uma gravidez e o sentimento de responsabilidade para com o filho:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Eu queria sumir</italic> [risos]<italic>, mas eu lembrei que ele</italic> [filho] <italic>ainda estava na barriga, eu tinha que ser mais forte por ele.</italic> (Mulher 15, 5 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>E o fato de poder ajudar ou ser exemplo para outras pessoas:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Essa troca de ajudar e ser ajudado &#233; bem bacana, pois foi o que me ajudou tamb&#233;m.</italic> (Homem 2, 3 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Eu tenho um amigo que se tornou positivo e ele disse &#8220;amigo, eu s&#243; tive essa rea&#231;&#227;o que eu tive hoje, porque eu conhe&#231;o voc&#234; e sei que d&#225; para viver com o v&#237;rus&#8221;.</italic> (Homem 19, 6 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Por sua vez, os relatos tamb&#233;m mostram que algumas pessoas vivenciaram dificuldades em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o de atividades que validam o papel das pessoas na sociedade, em especial o trabalho. Nesses casos, o enfrentamento poss&#237;vel foi o afastamento destas atividades:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Minha filha falava: &#8220;m&#227;e, a gente sabe que n&#227;o &#233; transmitido assim&#8221;. Eu n&#227;o tinha nada que ia contaminar o alimento, nenhuma ferida, nem nada que ia transmitir, mas eu deixei de fazer para vender, porque eu achei que estava colocando em risco a vida de outras pessoas, talvez seja por isso que eu deixei de trabalhar e acabei ficando deprimida.</italic> (Mulher 8, 5 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Quando a pessoa vive com HIV, &#233; complicado a sociedade aceitar para trabalhar. Olha, eu mesmo que j&#225; n&#227;o quis mais, porque &#233; uma sensa&#231;&#227;o ruim voc&#234; procurar servi&#231;o e ter que falar que &#233; portadora do v&#237;rus, &#233; muito ruim.</italic> (Mulher 20, 3 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Portanto, as estrat&#233;gias adotadas pelos participantes da pesquisa podem atuar como instrumentos para aliviar os medos, ang&#250;stias, fragilidades e conflitos, al&#233;m de constitu&#237;rem possibilidades para favorecer o enfrentamento da doen&#231;a.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Fatores influentes no abandono do tratamento</title>
          <p>Alguns relatos demonstram que a ideia de bem-estar causada pela aus&#234;ncia de sinais e sintomas influencia fortemente a descontinuidade do tratamento:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Eu estava sem tomar rem&#233;dio, mas n&#227;o tinha nada e n&#227;o tinha nem necessidade de vir. Eu estava bem, pensei se estou bem ent&#227;o est&#225; bom.</italic> (Homem12, 4 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Ah, abandonei esses tempos atr&#225;s, na verdade, foi desleixo de n&#227;o ir mesmo, como eu n&#227;o senti nada, fiquei vendo at&#233; quando eu aguentava, me sentindo tranquilo</italic> [risos]. (Homem 13, 8 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Do mesmo modo, destacam que a falta de &#8220;apoio&#8221; e incentivo por parte de pessoas pr&#243;ximas tamb&#233;m pode desmotivar a continuidade do tratamento, assim como a quebra de v&#237;nculo com profissionais de sa&#250;de, as dificuldades no deslocamento at&#233; o servi&#231;o especializado e os efeitos colaterais da TARV:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>O que me fez abandonar foi essa falta de ter algu&#233;m me cobrando. Eu sei que o interesse principal &#233; meu, porque a sa&#250;de &#233; minha, ningu&#233;m vai ficar no meu p&#233; at&#233; eu morrer, mas, assim, a gente sente falta de algu&#233;m para dar um empurr&#227;ozinho.</italic> (Homem 1, 5 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Eu fazia tratamento com uma m&#233;dica e ela mudou daqui. Depois que ela mudou, eu tive muita dificuldade de continuar meu tratamento, ela j&#225; era amiga eu j&#225; tinha confian&#231;a, ela j&#225; era da fam&#237;lia, tinha aquele v&#237;nculo e confian&#231;a at&#233; porque ela falava de um jeito sem cobran&#231;a e sem acusar.</italic> (Homem 22, 23 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Abandonei por causa do transporte</italic> [...] <italic>eu morava na fazenda, ent&#227;o eu tinha que ir para cidade dormir e esperar o carro para vir, mas eu n&#227;o tinha lugar para ficar.</italic> (Mulher 3, 8 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>J&#225; foram tr&#234;s vezes que eu parei de fazer o tratamento, eu passava mal principalmente por causa dos efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos. Tinha v&#244;mito, fraqueza e falta de apetite. Eu emagrecia, me sentia muito mal, a&#237; eu largava o tratamento e voltava a me sentir melhor, a&#237;, como eu estava sem sintomas, me sentia bem como se n&#227;o tivesse nada.</italic> (Mulher 7, 17 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Outros dois aspectos foram apontados como negativos para a continuidade do tratamento: o despreparo dos outros pontos da RAS, al&#233;m do servi&#231;o especializado:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Um outro servi&#231;o que fui parecia que eles tinham vergonha da gente. No atendimento, parecia que n&#227;o queriam, eles atendiam como se a gente fosse qualquer pessoa, qualquer tipo de doen&#231;a, e n&#227;o &#233;.</italic> (Mulher 3, 8 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Se falar para eu ir em UPA em vez de vir aqui, porque &#233; mais perto, eu vou continuar a vir aqui, porque, se for para fazer algum acompanhamento l&#225;, n&#227;o vou. Se tiver algum problema, eu prefiro vir aqui, marcar consulta e voltar outro dia, mas, em outro lugar, eu n&#227;o vou.</italic> (Homem 5, 2 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>E a dificuldade de acesso ao servi&#231;o especializado, devido &#224; restri&#231;&#227;o no hor&#225;rio de funcionamento ou na sua forma de organiza&#231;&#227;o:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Acho que daria para facilitar para a gente que mora fora e liberar a medica&#231;&#227;o de uma vez, porque esse neg&#243;cio de vir todo m&#234;s pegar medica&#231;&#227;o, para quem mora fora, &#233; complicado.</italic> (Mulher 3, 8 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
            <p><italic>Eu j&#225; passei muito constrangimento por ter que ficar esperando e enfrentar uma fila enorme</italic> [...] <italic>falavam: &#8220;j&#225; passou do hor&#225;rio&#8221;. Chegava 7:30h, porque eu tenho meus trampos e minhas coisas pessoais e falavam &#8220;ah, mo&#231;o, j&#225; encerrou a consulta, tem que voltar amanh&#227;&#8221;, &#8220;ah, n&#227;o tem vaga, est&#225; tudo preenchida&#8221;, e a&#237; &#233; onde voc&#234; acaba n&#227;o passando pelo m&#233;dico, n&#227;o pegando sua medica&#231;&#227;o e n&#227;o fazendo tratamento. Isso a&#237; incentiva muito a paciente desistir do tratamento, eu passei por isso e j&#225; aconteceu de eu desistir do tratamento de l&#225; por passar por esses problemas dentro do hospital. Se voc&#234; n&#227;o marcar consulta, n&#227;o passa pelo m&#233;dico, se n&#227;o passar pelo m&#233;dico ou enfermeiro, n&#227;o pega medica&#231;&#227;o.</italic> (Homem 23, 13 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Por fim, considerando o contexto no qual os dados foram coletados, o receio de contamina&#231;&#227;o desencadeado pela pandemia de COVID-19 tamb&#233;m foi apontado como motivo para abandonar o tratamento:</p>
          <disp-quote>
            <p><italic>Eu ficava com medo de vir, porque o hospital est&#225; cheio de COVID, esse povo morrendo, a&#237; eu fiquei com medo de vir.</italic> (Mulher 10, 10 anos de diagn&#243;stico)</p>
          </disp-quote>
          <p>Os achados dessa categoria destacam aspectos a serem considerados no planejamento de a&#231;&#245;es voltadas ao cuidado das PVHIV, com vistas, inclusive, de prevenir o abandono da TARV.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>DISCUSS&#195;O</title>
        <p>Alguns participantes da pesquisa entendem a necessidade de cuidado cont&#237;nuo com a sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; ado&#231;&#227;o de uma alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel, n&#227;o ingest&#227;o de bebida alco&#243;lica e necessidade de realizar atividade f&#237;sica. Contudo, ao longo do tempo, fatores, como a sensa&#231;&#227;o de bem estar, aus&#234;ncia de sinais e sintomas, falta de rede de apoio, quebra de v&#237;nculo com o servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de e dificuldade de acesso para realiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento, favoreceram o abandono do tratamento e a n&#227;o manuten&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados com a sa&#250;de.</p>
        <p>Por vezes, logo ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico de uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica, os indiv&#237;duos tendem a adotar mudan&#231;as no comportamento que favorecem o cuidado a pr&#243;pria sa&#250;de. No caso de PVHIV, por exemplo, a vontade de viver pode constituir fator de motiva&#231;&#227;o para mudan&#231;a de comportamento e ressignifica&#231;&#227;o da pr&#243;pria vida<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Cabe salientar que as a&#231;&#245;es de promo&#231;&#227;o do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida de pessoas com condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica envolvem mais do que o tratamento medicamentoso, sendo necess&#225;ria a implementa&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as comportamentais em rela&#231;&#227;o a h&#225;bitos cotidianos, com o intuito de favorecer o autocuidado, um dos elementos proposto pelo MACC. Assim, considerando que as a&#231;&#245;es de autocuidado adotadas por pessoas com condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica podem postergar a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a e melhorar os resultados de sa&#250;de a longo prazo<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>, identificar comportamentos e fatores de risco possibilita aos profissionais a constru&#231;&#227;o de um plano de cuidado/autocuidado conjunto, integral e que favore&#231;a o acompanhamento cont&#237;nuo<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Atinente a isso, a&#231;&#245;es, como o estabelecimento de v&#237;nculo entre os profissionais e usu&#225;rios do servi&#231;o, favorecem o cuidado integral e continuado. O v&#237;nculo oportuniza aos profissionais de sa&#250;de identificar necessidades singulares e direcionar as a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado com vistas &#224; promo&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;a de comportamento e apoio &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o ao longo do tempo<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. Estudo realizado no Paran&#225; destacou a import&#226;ncia de consolidar o v&#237;nculo entre profissional e usu&#225;rio e o acolhimento, mesmo ap&#243;s o abandono do tratamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>, aspectos esses considerados determinantes na ades&#227;o, reten&#231;&#227;o e vincula&#231;&#227;o das PVHIV aos servi&#231;os da RAS.</p>
        <p>Observou-se, nos resultados, que o abandono de a&#231;&#245;es cotidianas, como as atividades laborais, &#233; influenciado pelo medo de vivenciar o estigma e o preconceito nos ambientes de trabalho. Este resultado corrobora com estudo realizado no Brasil com adultos que vivem com HIV, o qual apontou a ocorr&#234;ncia de afastamento das fun&#231;&#245;es ocupacionais ap&#243;s descoberta do diagn&#243;stico em decorr&#234;ncia do preconceito e discrimina&#231;&#227;o<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>. Frente a isso, o reconhecimento dessas experi&#234;ncias &#233; essencial no gerenciamento da condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica, pois direcionam o estabelecimento de interven&#231;&#245;es que consideram os determinantes sociais na promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Embora cada indiv&#237;duo possua suas particularidades em rela&#231;&#227;o ao enfrentamento de uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica, a busca por apoio na religi&#227;o foi constatada como uma importante estrat&#233;gia adotada nesse processo. Esse achado corrobora com resultado de estudo realizado com 48 idosos soropositivos de Recife, Pernambuco, que ratificou a contribui&#231;&#227;o da religi&#227;o e/ou da busca por apoio em institui&#231;&#245;es religiosas para o fortalecimento dos aspectos psicol&#243;gicos e emocionais, al&#233;m da promo&#231;&#227;o de maior aceita&#231;&#227;o na ades&#227;o ao tratamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Outras estrat&#233;gias podem contribuir para minimizar as dificuldades que permeiam a cronicidade da doen&#231;a, dentre as quais a compreens&#227;o de que o HIV &#233; uma doen&#231;a trat&#225;vel e n&#227;o uma senten&#231;a de morte<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup> e o estreitamento de la&#231;os e v&#237;nculos de amizade entre PVHIV criados a partir da troca de experi&#234;ncias em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; viv&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>)</sup>. Esses aspectos atuam como estrat&#233;gias que minimizam medos, ang&#250;stias, fragilidades e conflitos e, consequentemente, podem impactar positivamente na ades&#227;o ao tratamento.</p>
        <p>Cabe salientar que pessoas que vivem com uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica podem n&#227;o reconhecer a necessidade de ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso de forma cont&#237;nua, em decorr&#234;ncia da aus&#234;ncia de sinais e sintomas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup>, tal como identificado em rela&#231;&#227;o a alguns participantes deste estudo. Frente a isso, assevera-se que o acompanhamento das PVHIV precisa ser permeado por a&#231;&#245;es estrat&#233;gicas que favore&#231;am a compreens&#227;o quanto &#224;s poss&#237;veis repercuss&#245;es decorrentes da aus&#234;ncia de tratamento adequado.</p>
        <p>Outro motivo para o abandono do tratamento destacado pelos participantes foi a aus&#234;ncia de uma rede de apoio. Estudo de revis&#227;o de literatura aponta que PVHIV que possuem uma rede de apoio consolidada s&#227;o mais confiantes, perseverantes, aderem melhor ao tratamento e aceitam o diagn&#243;stico com maior facilidade. Por&#233;m, quando essa rede &#233; fragilizada, ocorrem falhas no processo terap&#234;utico, h&#225; abandono de tratamento, decl&#237;nio da condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e mental, &#224;s vezes, respons&#225;veis pelo aumento da replica&#231;&#227;o viral e pelo aparecimento de doen&#231;as oportunistas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>)</sup>. Nesse sentido, destaca-se a import&#226;ncia da identifica&#231;&#227;o e mapeamento dessa rede durante a consulta de enfermagem, a fim de inclu&#237;-la no planejamento e implementa&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es estrat&#233;gicas de cuidado.</p>
        <p>Observou-se que a dificuldade de utilizar outros servi&#231;os que comp&#245;em a RAS, em decorr&#234;ncia do modo com que s&#227;o abordados, o que inclui a aus&#234;ncia de acolhimento, tamb&#233;m foi referido como fator que interfere na manuten&#231;&#227;o do tratamento. No entanto, a restri&#231;&#227;o do atendimento &#224; aten&#231;&#227;o especializada, al&#233;m de sobrecarregar esses servi&#231;os, tamb&#233;m limita a assist&#234;ncia. Ressalta-se que esta condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica demanda cuidado integral e singular que necessita ser dispensada nos diferentes pontos da RAS.</p>
        <p>A descentraliza&#231;&#227;o da assist&#234;ncia para outros pontos da rede envolve, al&#233;m do diagn&#243;stico, a&#231;&#245;es voltadas para um cuidado longitudinal e integral no acompanhamento da PVHIV, constituindo oportunidade de os servi&#231;os responderem &#224;s demandas crescentes dessa popula&#231;&#227;o<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup>. Contudo, estudo realizado em Recife apontou que, por se tratar de um processo recente para a Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de (APS), a descentraliza&#231;&#227;o do cuidado para essa parcela populacional gera inseguran&#231;a, o que, &#224;s vezes, limita o processo de trabalho para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do teste r&#225;pido<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup>. Assim, urge a necessidade de estimular discuss&#245;es entre os diferentes membros da equipe assistencial e os gestores, para fortalecer as a&#231;&#245;es estrat&#233;gicas de descentraliza&#231;&#227;o do cuidado e contornar falhas que possam ser identificadas nesse processo.</p>
        <p>Nesta dire&#231;&#227;o, estudo realizado com profissionais de tr&#234;s equipes de Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, destacou as potencialidades que o processo de descentraliza&#231;&#227;o pode acarretar, dentre as quais: maior sensibilidade das equipes da APS em rela&#231;&#227;o aos dados epidemiol&#243;gicos; amplia&#231;&#227;o do acesso ao acompanhamento da condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de e doen&#231;a dessas pessoas; l&#243;gica de trabalho orientada pelos princ&#237;pios do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS) e da sa&#250;de da fam&#237;lia; e amplia&#231;&#227;o da participa&#231;&#227;o da comunidade<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup>. Assim, embora permeado por algumas lacunas, o processo de descentraliza&#231;&#227;o do cuidado &#224;s PVHIV constitui uma oportunidade de ampliar o acolhimento e a vincula&#231;&#227;o desses indiv&#237;duos aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de, o que &#233; primordial diante das dificuldades que as pessoas enfrentam na manuten&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as comportamentais ao longo prazo<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup>. Frente a isso, &#233; preciso repensar as pr&#225;ticas de cuidado oferecidas &#224;s PVHIV nos diferentes pontos da RAS, pois a necessidade de mudan&#231;a de comportamento &#233; essencial em qualquer condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica. Para tanto, faz-se necess&#225;rio o investimento em tecnologias leves que favore&#231;am o fortalecimento das rela&#231;&#245;es entre equipes de sa&#250;de e usu&#225;rios.</p>
        <p>As dificuldades relacionadas ao fluxo assistencial na RAS referida pelos participantes tamb&#233;m corroboram com o resultado de estudo realizado em Fortaleza, Cear&#225;, o qual constatou que a dificuldade de acesso constitui fator desencorajador associado &#224; descontinuidade do tratamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup>. Contudo, torna-se necess&#225;rio que os indiv&#237;duos reconhe&#231;am que o acesso ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de envolve, al&#233;m da retirada do medicamento e realiza&#231;&#227;o de consulta m&#233;dica, a oferta de a&#231;&#245;es de acompanhamento cont&#237;nuo.</p>
        <p>&#201; inquestion&#225;vel que a ades&#227;o &#224; TARV constitui fator fundamental na supress&#227;o total da replica&#231;&#227;o viral e na promo&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida, por&#233;m ainda existem obst&#225;culos relacionados aos efeitos colaterais. Nesse sentido, no intuito de minimizar esses impactos, pesquisa realizada na costa do Qu&#234;nia, com 49 adultos e jovens que vivem com HIV, apontou que modelos de tratamentos inovadores, como a TARV injet&#225;vel, possibilitam a redu&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos colaterais e, consequentemente, do abandono de tratamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Ainda relacionado ao fluxo assistencial, cabe destacar que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de ferramentas propostas pelo MACC, como a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, auxilia na identifica&#231;&#227;o das especificidades e demandas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>)</sup>, podendo constituir uma possibilidade para flexibilizar os fluxos preestabelecidos, uma vez que organiza a oferta assistencial a partir de estratos de risco. Sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o pelos profissionais da APS no acompanhamento de outras condi&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas, como a hipertens&#227;o, favoreceu o desenvolvimento do cuidado integral e individualizado<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Embora n&#227;o haja, na literatura, crit&#233;rios para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco das PVHIV validados, estudo realizado no estado da Para&#237;ba apresenta sugest&#245;es que podem ser utilizadas para classifica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do risco em PVHIV, como detec&#231;&#227;o de carga viral, presen&#231;a de doen&#231;as oportunistas, doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas e manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Por fim, &#233; importante considerar que situa&#231;&#245;es de emerg&#234;ncia em sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, como a pandemia causada pelo coronav&#237;rus, constitui fator que limita o acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de. No tocante &#224;s pessoas com condi&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas, a assist&#234;ncia foi interrompida, porque os profissionais precisaram reestruturar a din&#226;mica do servi&#231;o, considerando a barreira de transmiss&#227;o do v&#237;rus da COVID-19 e a redu&#231;&#227;o dos riscos &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>)</sup>. Desse modo, embora o cen&#225;rio seja de situa&#231;&#245;es excepcionais, destaca-se a import&#226;ncia do olhar atento das equipes de sa&#250;de para a cria&#231;&#227;o precoce de novos mecanismos que favore&#231;am a manuten&#231;&#227;o do atendimento &#224;s PVHIV, a fim de prevenir o abandono do tratamento e o surgimento de complica&#231;&#245;es futuras.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
          <p>Destaca-se, como limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo, a impossibilidade de contatar todos os usu&#225;rios identificados como em abandono de tratamento, em decorr&#234;ncia da desatualiza&#231;&#227;o de dados cadastrais e da falta de integra&#231;&#227;o entre os sistemas do servi&#231;o especializado e da vigil&#226;ncia epidemiol&#243;gica. Do mesmo modo, a abordagem das pessoas que retornaram voluntariamente ao servi&#231;o poderia contribuir para uma melhor elucida&#231;&#227;o do fen&#244;meno em estudo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Contribui&#231;&#245;es para a &#225;rea da enfermagem e sa&#250;de</title>
          <p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o de fragilidades que podem influenciar a ades&#227;o e a manuten&#231;&#227;o do tratamento traz contribui&#231;&#245;es para a enfermagem e para a equipe de sa&#250;de, &#224; medida que favorece a reflex&#227;o sobre o modo como a rede se organiza, em especial sobre o processo de descentraliza&#231;&#227;o da assist&#234;ncia e as ferramentas utilizadas na pr&#225;tica para estratificar, reconhecer, acolher, vincular e reter as PVHIV aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de, contribuindo com uma assist&#234;ncia integral e cont&#237;nua.</p>
          <p>Ademais, os resultados mostram que a realiza&#231;&#227;o de busca ativa das PVHIV que abandonaram o tratamento, por contato telef&#244;nico, por exemplo, constitui uma tecnologia leve que pode ser adotada na rotina dos servi&#231;os, sendo estrat&#233;gia eficaz na redu&#231;&#227;o de casos de abandono de tratamento. Para tanto, &#233; fundamental manter dados cadastrais atualizados, assim como o registro de v&#225;rios poss&#237;veis contatos.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONSIDERA&#199;&#213;ES FINAIS</title>
        <p>O enfrentamento da condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de por PVHIV que abandonaram o tratamento incluiu momentos bons e ruins, e &#233; influenciado por comportamentos individuais e pelo modo como os servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de est&#227;o organizados.</p>
        <p>Compreender como PVHIV que abandonaram o tratamento enfrentam sua condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de, possibilitando a identifica&#231;&#227;o de lacunas assistenciais que podem influenciar a ades&#227;o, vincula&#231;&#227;o e reten&#231;&#227;o dessas pessoas ao tratamento e &#224;s a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado. Torna-se necess&#225;rio, durante o planejamento das a&#231;&#245;es, a abordagem junto aos usu&#225;rios quanto &#224; import&#226;ncia de a mudan&#231;a de comportamento ser duradoura, em especial por se tratar de uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica. Ademais, ap&#243;s identificar os fatores que auxiliam a enfrentar essa cronicidade, esses fatores podem ser utilizados como potencializadores das a&#231;&#245;es de cuidado.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>FOMENTO</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente trabalho foi realizado com o apoio da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - C&#243;digo de Financiamento 001 e da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
