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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rev Bras Enferm</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">reben</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Bras. Enferm.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7167</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1984-0446</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Enfermagem</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">GTPnXNDcTC5vjcHXSfrfbDc</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0034-71672022000600165</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00165</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0818</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cognitive-behavioral program to control lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
          <trans-title>Programa cognitivo-conductual para el control de los s&#237;ntomas del tracto urinario inferior despu&#233;s de la prostatectom&#237;a radical: un ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4999-1752</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Izidoro</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;via Cristina de Resende</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5080-4643</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mata</surname>
            <given-names>Luciana Regina Ferreira da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5881-5710</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Azevedo</surname>
            <given-names>Cissa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5916-0784</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Paula</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Augusto Peclat de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7987-2562</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>M. Gra&#231;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">III</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5324-9411</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Jackelline Evellin Moreira dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0279-9878</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brasil</surname>
            <given-names>Virginia Visconde</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1055-1354</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Lizete Malagoni de Almeida Cavalcante</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Goi&#226;nia</city>
          <state>Goi&#225;s</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s. Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Belo Horizonte</city>
          <state>Minas Gerais</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>III</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Minho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Braga</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Minho. Braga, Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata E-mail: <email>lucianarfmata@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR IN CHIEF: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Alexandre Balsanelli</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>75</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20210818</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>to assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral program to control lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>a randomized clinical trial study, with 41 participants randomized into intervention (n=20) and control (n=21), for three months. The intervention group received the cognitive-behavioral program, while the control group received routine guidance from the service. Outcome variables were urinary incontinence intensity and lower urinary tract symptoms, assessed by the Pad-Test and Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy and King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>at the end of the study, the intervention group had a lower urinary incontinence intensity (p&#8804;0.001), and there were less chances of presenting changes in urinary frequency (p&#8804;0.001), urinary urgency (p&#8804;0.001), nocturia (p=0.005), stress urinary incontinence (p&#8804;0.001) and urge incontinence (p&#8804;0.045).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>the cognitive-behavioral program was effective in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-3sstqg.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
        <title>RESUMEN</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>evaluar la efectividad de un programa cognitivo-conductual para controlar los s&#237;ntomas del tracto urinario inferior despu&#233;s de la prostatectom&#237;a radical.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>estudio de ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado, con 41 participantes aleatorizados en intervenci&#243;n (n=20) y control (n=21), durante tres meses. El grupo de intervenci&#243;n recibi&#243; el programa cognitivo-conductual, mientras que el grupo control recibi&#243; orientaci&#243;n rutinaria del servicio. Las variables de resultado fueron la intensidad de la incontinencia urinaria y los s&#237;ntomas del tracto urinario inferior, evaluados mediante Pad-Test y Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy y King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>al final del estudio, el grupo intervenci&#243;n present&#243; menor intensidad de incontinencia urinaria (p&#8804;0,001), y hubo menos posibilidades de presentar cambios en la frecuencia urinaria (p&#8804;0,001), urgencia urinaria (p&#8804;0,001), nicturia (p=0,005), incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (p&#8804;0,001) e incontinencia de urgencia (p&#8804;0,045).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusi&#243;n:</title>
          <p>el programa cognitivo-conductual fue eficaz para reducir los s&#237;ntomas del tracto urinario inferior despu&#233;s de la prostatectom&#237;a radical. Registro Brasile&#241;o de Ensayos Cl&#237;nicos: RBR-3sstqg.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Descriptors:</title>
        <kwd>Nursing</kwd>
        <kwd>Urinary Incontinence</kwd>
        <kwd>Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms</kwd>
        <kwd>Prostatectomy</kwd>
        <kwd>Clinical Trial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
        <title>Descriptores:</title>
        <kwd>Enfermer&#237;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Incontinencia Urinaria</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior</kwd>
        <kwd>Prostatectom&#237;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensayo Cl&#237;nico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
      <p>After radical prostatectomy (RP), transient or prolonged voiding dysfunctions may be experienced, with emphasis on urinary incontinence (UI) and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). LUTS refer to a set of clinical manifestations present when any of the components of the physiological process of urination are altered. According to the International Continence Society (ICS), LUTS can be classified into symptoms of storage, voiding and/or post-voiding changes. UI, in turn, is characterized as any involuntary loss of urine, and, when investigated in detail, is characterized as a complex clinical condition and not just a symptom<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Men undergoing RP may experience more LUTS compared to the preoperative period, including six months after surgery<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>. As for UI, about 57% of men report involuntary urinary leakage after one month of RP. Spontaneous reduction of UI over time is expected, however, about 44% of men may still complain of urinary leakage associated with exertion and need one or more pads a day<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Nursing interventions (NI) based on the control of UI and other LUTS should be considered in a timely manner, with a view to improving the prognosis after surgery. These interventions should involve behavioral measures, including pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises, in addition to the acquisition of habits and behaviors, such as adequate fluid intake, smoking cessation, caffeine and capsaicin (pepper) intake, presenting treatment compliance with one of its limitations<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this sense, the use of a cognitive-behavioral approach as a strategy for implementing NI tends to help increase compliance with treatment, promoting greater chances of therapeutic success. The cognitive-behavioral approach described in the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup> aims to integrate guidelines into patientss routine using mechanisms of positive reinforcement of the therapeutic process, such as social persuasion, positive feedback and vicarious reinforcement. It is noteworthy that there are few studies in the literature on behavioral measures to control post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PRPUI) based on this theoretical framework. Thus, it is believed that the results of this study may contribute to the incorporation into clinical practice of low-cost and potentially successful interventions for controlling post-RP LUTS, providing control knowledge and self-management.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>OBJECTIVE</title>
      <p>To assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral program to control LUTS after RP.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>METHODS</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>In the development of this study, ethical recommendations referring to research with human beings were adopted. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, and registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Platform, under Universal Trial identification number: RBR-3sstqg.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design, period, and place</title>
        <p>This is a randomized, single-blind clinical trial study with 1:1 randomization, using an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG), developed between November 2019 and December 2020 in an outpatient unit linked to a philanthropic Oncology Care Center (CACON) in the Midwest Brazil.</p>
        <p>In the study preparation and execution, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommendations were considered<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Sample; inclusion and exclusion criteria</title>
        <p>The sample corresponded to all eligible participants in the data collection period, totaling 41 men with post-RP UI. Men aged over 18 years, with mild, moderate or severe UI, assessed using the Pad-Test<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>, with preserved cognitive capacity, assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup>, with preserved locomotor capacity, telephone contact available and availability for fortnightly face-to-face visits were included. Men with a history of diseases that influence voiding control or use of medications with a diuretic effect, in addition to prolonged use (&gt; 21 days) of an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) were excluded.</p>
        <p>Recruitment was performed through the institution&#8217;s surgical and outpatient schedule. Patients were approached after IUC withdrawal and introduced to the study objectives. Upon interest in participating, they were invited to return between 15 and 20 days to read and sign the Informed Consent Form, clinical assessments and randomization between IG and CG.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study protocol</title>
        <p>Participants were randomized into five &#8220;chunks&#8221; of ten subjects. In this way, five lists of ten random numbers associated with the letter &#8220;I&#8221; (intervention) or &#8220;C&#8221; (control) were generated on Randomizer.org by an external researcher. This same researcher made opaque envelopes for the generated numbers. After the application of all data collection instruments and immediately before the first intervention session, the envelope was opened by participants to identify which group it would be allocated to.</p>
        <p>At the first moment of data collection, a form was applied to characterize the sample by the main researcher, who did not know, a priori, to which group (CG and IG) participants had been allocated. Subsequent assessments were performed by other previously trained researchers, which characterized the blinding of data collection stages.</p>
        <p>The intervention was based on a cognitive-behavioral program (CBP) composed of NI to control UI and LUTS post-RP. Verbal and written NI were implemented through educational material (booklet) entitled <italic>&#8220;Manual de orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria p&#243;s-prostatectomia radical&#8221;</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>. The booklet contains guidance on voiding complaints, including structures and processes involved in etiology, lifestyle habits associated with control, such as adequate fluid intake, smoking cessation, reduced intake of caffeine-containing beverages, bladder irritant foods in the diet<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>. Information about the practice of PFM exercises was also included<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>The PFM training regimen proposed in the booklet is based on guidelines and recommendations from protocols already implemented and validated in other studies<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>, with the aim of promoting strength and voiding control. It is a six-step program to be carried out over twelve weeks, with rapid maximum or sub-maximal voluntary contractions, sustained and performed in lying, sitting, standing and walking positions. Progress in the stages occurred each week, according to participants&#8217; success in the previous stage. In the present study, face-to-face training was carried out (weekly, fortnightly or monthly, according to proprioception), in addition to weekly telephone contacts with all IG participants, for monitoring and reinforcing the importance of continuing the exercises at home.</p>
        <p>In order to encourage and verify compliance with the guidelines received in person, regular individual telephone contacts were made with IG participants throughout the time provided for in the program. This follow-up consisted of text messages via mobile device and weekly telephone contacts guided by a guiding script offering positive feedback in case of compliance with habits and behaviors or reinforcing the importance of compliance. In addition to educational aspects, personal motivation, using social persuasion and vicarious experience (video presentation on a patient&#8217;s success with therapy), and the provision of a telephone number for any needs were part of CBP, with a view to favoring the role of nurses as motivators and supervisors of the entire process.</p>
        <p>Men allocated to CG received usual care, including verbal instructions on caffeine restriction and performance of pelvic muscle contractions after IUC withdrawal.</p>
        <p>Data collection took place in individual structured interviews, whose average duration was 60 minutes. They were carried out by the main researcher and a previously trained team, in a private environment. Data were collected at five times during pre-scheduled outpatient visits: 15 to 20 days after IUC removal (baseline - T<sub>0</sub>); thirty days after baseline (T<sub>1</sub>); sixty days after baseline (T<sub>2</sub>); and ninety days after baseline (T<sub>3</sub>).</p>
        <p>This study assessed the positive effects of CBP in controlling PRPUI intensity (primary outcome) as well as LUTS (secondary outcomes). PRPUI intensity was assessed by the Pad-Test, a validated method frequently used in clinical research to quantify the volume of urinary loss through the weight of a sanitary pad<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>. The test was performed in five steps: 1) weighing the pad on a high sensitivity scale (e-LABShop); 2) ingestion of 500 ml of water; 3) 15 minutes of rest; 4) performing a series of physical exercises to provoke urinary loss; and 5) reweighing the pad. The results obtained in the weighing classify urinary loss as mild (1.1 to 9.9 g), moderate (10 to 50 g) or severe (above 50 g)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>The Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy (UISRP) was also used to assess the primary outcome. It is the only specific instrument for prostatectomized patients and validated for the Brazilian population. It consists of seven items with five-point Likert scales, in which zero indicates &#8220;never&#8221; and four indicates &#8220;always&#8221;. The score ranges from 0 to 32, and higher scores indicate greater UI intensity<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>LUTS (secondary outcomes) were assessed using an independent scale of King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), which assesses the presence and intensity of urinary symptoms. There is no total score for this scale, and the items are analyzed independently<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>At baseline (T<sub>0</sub>), participants answered a form for sociodemographic and clinical characterization, and then were assessed for urinary leakage intensity (Pad-Test). Then, they were submitted to UI intensity assessment by UISRP and LUTS by the KHQ. At this time, participants were randomized into CG and IG. Those allocated to IG were introduced to the CBP for early UI rehabilitation and received guidance on performing the exercises and lifestyle changes. Areturn was scheduled within 15 days to receive reinforcement of the guidelines in person, and others, after 30 (T<sub>1</sub>), 60 (T<sub>2</sub>) and 90 (T<sub>3</sub>) days, for subsequent assessments. Those allocated in CG continued in routine care at the institution, and a new assessment was scheduled within 30 days. At all outpatient visits for clinical follow-up (T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>, and T<sub>3</sub>), men in both groups were assessed for urinary leakage intensity (Pad-Test and UISRP) and subsequently assessed for the presence of other LUTS.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Analysis of results, and statistics</title>
        <p>Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for Windows<sup>&#174;</sup>, in double entry, to verify equivalence. Analysis was performed using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows<sup>&#174;</sup>, version 23. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to test whether the variables studied followed normal distribution. The explanatory variables of the nominal type were described by frequency distribution and by tables, and the quantitative variables, depending on normality, were described by measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean/standard deviation, in case of normal distribution, and median/percentiles, in case of non-normal distribution). Equivalence between groups regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in the pre-test was verified by Student&#8217;s t and Mann-Whitney tests. The chi-square or Fisher&#8217;s exact test was used for categorical variables.</p>
        <p>Regarding the comparison between IG and CG at different moments of the post-test and of each group over time, the primary outcome variables (UI intensity) at different time intervals were analyzed by the longitudinal model using generalized estimating equations (GEE), in order to assess the effect of group allocation, time and the interaction between the effect of the group and time (group*time). For significant effects at 5%, the comparison of means was obtained through the post-hoc t test, protected by Bonferroni, which aims to adjust the test significance value based on the number of comparisons, in order to reduce the chance of type I error.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>RESULTS</title>
      <p>Of the 117 men undergoing RP, 57 were assessed for eligibility, and 41 were eligible and randomized, of which 21 were allocated to IG and 20 to CG. However, during follow-up, four participants from IG and three from CG were discontinued as a result of the impediment to face-to-face returns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there were 17 participants in IG and 17 in CG, who composed the sample for analysis of outcomes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Flowchart of recruitment and inclusion of participants in the study, in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brazil</title>
          </caption>
          <attrib>
            <italic>Note: T<sub>0</sub> - pre-test; T<sub>1</sub> - 30 days after surgery; T<sub>2</sub> - 60 days after surgery; T<sub>3</sub> - 90 days after surgery; CG - control group; IG - intervention group; IBC - indwelling urinary catheter; PRPUI - post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence.</italic>
          </attrib>
          <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-75-05-e20210818-0818-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>According to sociodemographic and clinical characterization data, there was no significant difference between CG and IG in terms of age, skin color, education, income, marital status, coffee/tea intake, smoking, physical activity, number of diapers, Body Mass Index, time after surgery and days of permanence with the IUC (p&gt;0.05). Such results demonstrate homogeneity between the groups.</p>
      <p>Comparing the primary outcome (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>), there was a statistically significant effect on the group*time interaction for IG. There was a reduction in PRPUI intensity, with a statistical difference only in the first month of follow-up (T<sub>1</sub>) (p&#8804;0.001) for IG participants, when assessed by the Pad-Test. On the other hand, when assessed using the UISRP, UI intensity also reduced significantly, but this difference remained at all follow-up times from the study to IG (T<sub>1</sub> - p=0.003; T<sub>2</sub> - p&#8804;0.001 and T<sub>3</sub> - p&#8804;0.001), as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Generalized estimating equation model to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on urinary incontinence intensity, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brazil, 2021 (n=34)</title>
        </caption>
        <table>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2"/>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Mean (SD)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Effect: group<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">a</xref></sup></th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Effect: time<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">b</xref></sup></th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Group<sup>*</sup>time<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">c</xref></sup></th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">IG</th>
              <th align="center">CG</th>
              <th align="center">&#946; (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
              <th align="center">&#946; (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
              <th align="center">&#946; (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">Pad-Test</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>0</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">50.9(7.8)</td>
              <td align="center">53.6(12.8)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">-0.051<break/>(-0.611;0.508)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.858</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>1</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">12.5(3.0)</td>
              <td align="center">32.2(9.0)</td>
              <td align="center">-0.508<break/>(-0.934;-0.081)</td>
              <td align="center">0.020</td>
              <td align="center">-0.895<break/>(-1.427;-0.363)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>2</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">7.2(4.7)</td>
              <td align="center">20.9(4.9)</td>
              <td align="center">-0.941<break/>(-1.286;-0.586)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">-1.006<break/>(-2.277; 0.265)</td>
              <td align="center">0.121</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>3</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">3.4(2.8)</td>
              <td align="center">15.1(3.9)</td>
              <td align="center">-1.266<break/>(-1.709;-0.824)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">-1.413<break/>(-3.023;0.197)</td>
              <td align="center">0.085</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">UISRP</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>0</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">18.5(1.2)</td>
              <td align="center">18.4(1.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.006<break/>(-0.179;0.192)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.946</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>1</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">11.8(1.0)</td>
              <td align="center">15.8(1.4)</td>
              <td align="center">-0.151<break/>(-0.242;-0.060)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">-0.293<break/>(-0.487;-0.098)</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>2</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">5.3(0.9)</td>
              <td align="center">13.6(1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">-0.299<break/>(-0.457;-0.141)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">-0.952<break/>(-1.292;-0.611)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <italic>T<sub>3</sub></italic>
              </td>
              <td align="center">3.0(1.1)</td>
              <td align="center">13.0(1.2)</td>
              <td align="center">-0.343<break/>(-0.563;-0.123)</td>
              <td align="center">0.002</td>
              <td align="center">-1.447<break/>(-2.166;-0.729)</td>
              <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <attrib>
            <italic>Note: T<sub>0</sub> - pre-test; T<sub>1</sub> - 30 days after surgery; T<sub>2</sub> - 60 days after surgery; T<sub>3</sub> - 90 days after surgery; CG - control group; IG - intervention group; UISRP - Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy; 95% CI - 95% confidence interval;</italic>
          </attrib>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <label>a</label>
            <p>statistical difference between the two groups in T<sub>0</sub> (reference: CG);</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>b</label>
            <p> statistical difference between the assessment times (reference: T<sub>0</sub>);</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>c</label>
            <p>
              <italic>statistical difference in IG in relation to CG in the different post-test moments (reference: T<sub>0</sub>).</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>When performing a new comparison between the groups, after correction by Bonferroni&#8217;s post-hoc test, there was a statistically significant difference at the end of the study both for the assessment performed by the Pad-Test (p=0.016) and by the UISRP (p&#8804;0.001). In the comparison between the baseline and the different assessment moments in the follow-up, CG shows a significant difference only after sixty days of follow-up (T<sub>2</sub>). In IG, this difference was observed in the first assessment (T<sub>1</sub>), remaining at all times for both assessment strategies (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Analysis of urinary incontinence intensity, verified through the Pad-Test and Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy, expressed as mean and standard deviation, according to Bonferroni&#8217;s post-hoc t test - generalized estimating equations, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brazil, 2021 (n=34)</title>
        </caption>
        <table>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2"/>
              <th align="center" colspan="4">Mean (SD)</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">T<sub>0</sub>-T<sub>1</sub><break/>(95% CI)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/><italic>p</italic> value</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">T<sub>0</sub>-T<sub>2</sub><break/>(95% CI)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/><italic>p</italic> value</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">T<sub>0</sub>-T<sub>3</sub><break/>(95% CI)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">T<sub>0</sub></th>
              <th align="center">T<sub>1</sub></th>
              <th align="center">T<sub>2</sub></th>
              <th align="center">T<sub>3</sub></th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pad-Test</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">IG</td>
              <td align="center">50.9(7.8)</td>
              <td align="center">12.5(3.0)</td>
              <td align="center">7.2 (4.7)</td>
              <td align="center">3.4 (2.8)</td>
              <td align="center">(23.0;53.8)<break/>&#8804; <bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(22.5;64.7)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(26.9;67.9)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">CG</td>
              <td align="center">53.6(12.8)</td>
              <td align="center">32.2(9.0)</td>
              <td align="center">20.9(4.9)</td>
              <td align="center">15.1(3.9)</td>
              <td align="center">(-4.1; 46.8)<break/>0.165</td>
              <td align="center">(6.5; 58.8)<break/>0.006</td>
              <td align="center">(9.4; 67.5)<break/>0.003</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/><italic>p</italic> value</td>
              <td align="center">(-32.2;26.9)<break/>0.859</td>
              <td align="center">(-38.5;-0.9)<break/>0.039</td>
              <td align="center">(-27.0;-0.2)<break/>0.045</td>
              <td align="center">(-21.0;-2.1)<break/>0.016</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">UISRP </td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">IG</td>
              <td align="center">18.5 (1.2)</td>
              <td align="center">11.8 (1.0)</td>
              <td align="center">5.3 (0.9)</td>
              <td align="center">3.0 (1.1)</td>
              <td align="center">(3.2; 10.0)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(10.0;16.4)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(11.4;19.4)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">CG</td>
              <td align="center">18.4 (1.1)</td>
              <td align="center">15.8 (1.4)</td>
              <td align="center">13.6 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">13.0 (1.2)</td>
              <td align="center">(0.7;4.4)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(1.9;7.6)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(0.9;9.7)<break/>0.008</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/><italic>p</italic> value</td>
              <td align="center">(-3.3; 3.5)<break/>0.946</td>
              <td align="center">(-7.4; -0.4)<break/>0.027</td>
              <td align="center">(-11.8; -4.8)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="center">(-13.2; -6.6)<break/><bold>&#8804;0.001</bold></td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <attrib>
            <italic>Note: CG - control group; IG - intervention group; SD - standard deviation;</italic>
          </attrib>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>confidence interval for the difference of means in 95%;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>
              <italic>p &lt; 0.05 according to Bonferroni&#8217;s post-hoc test.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The result related to the comparison of the means of urinary losses (in grams) by the Pad-Test at T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> showed a significant improvement when compared to the means of urinary losses (in grams), obtained at baseline (T<sub>0</sub>), both in CG and IG. However, CG started the study with a mean of 53.6&#177;12.8 g and reached 15.1&#177;3.9 g at the end of follow-up. IG started with a mean of 50.9&#177;7.8 g, ending the ninety days of follow-up with 3.4&#177;2.8 g of urinary loss.</p>
      <p>The same occurred when the average scores obtained in the UISRP at T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> were compared. CG started the study with a mean of 18.4&#177;1.1, reaching 13.0&#177;1.2 at the end of follow-up. IG started with a mean of 18.5&#177;1.2, ending the ninety days of follow-up with 3.0&#177;1.1.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows that, when comparing the proportion of participants with urinary symptoms (KHQ), there was an effect over time (baseline and follow-up), regardless of the groups, for symptoms of nocturia (p=0.020) and urge incontinence (p=0.009).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Model of generalized estimating equations to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on the presence of urinary symptoms assessed by King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brazil, 2021 (n=34)</title>
        </caption>
        <table>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Urinary symptoms</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="4">n (%)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Effect: group<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Effect: time<sup>b</sup></th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Group<sup>*</sup>time<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">c</xref></sup></th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">T<sub>0</sub></th>
              <th align="center">T<sub>1</sub></th>
              <th align="center">T<sub>2</sub></th>
              <th align="center">T<sub>3</sub></th>
              <th align="center">&#946; (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
              <th align="center">&#946; (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
              <th align="center">&#946; (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Frequency</th>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
              <th align="left"/>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">17 (25.0)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (20.6)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (17.6)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (22.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.000<break/>(1.000;1.000)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                <bold>&lt;0.001</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.941<break/>(0.868;1.021)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.144</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.625<break/>(0.525;0.744)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                <bold>&#8804;0.001</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">17 (25.0)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (14.7)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (4.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Nocturia</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">16 (23.5)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (20.6)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (16.2)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (14.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.030<break/>(0.973;1.091)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.310</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.818<break/>(0.691;0.969)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.020</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.719<break/>(0.572;0.904)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.005</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">17 (25.0)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (14.7)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (4.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Urgency</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">16 (23.5)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (22.1)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (19.1)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (20.6)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.879<break/>(0.764;1.010)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.069</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.939<break/>(0.833;1.060)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.309</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.661<break/>(0.544;0.802)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                <bold>&#8804;0.001</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">12 (17.6)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (8.8)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Urge incontinence</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">16 (23.5)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (20.6)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (14.7)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (13.2)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.879<break/>(0.764;1.010)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.069</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.788<break/>(0.660;0.941)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.009</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.788<break/>(0.624;0.995)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.045</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">12 (17.6)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (7.4)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Effort UI</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">16 (23.5)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (22.1)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (22.1)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (22.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.030<break/>(0.973;1.091)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.310</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.970<break/>(0.874;1.076)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.562</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.728<break/>(0.599;0.885)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                <bold>&#8804;0.001</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">17 (25.0)</td>
              <td align="center">16 (23.5)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (19.1)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (10.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Nocturnal enuresis</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">13 (19.1)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (8.8)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (10.3)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (5.9)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.933<break/>(0.780;1.116)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.450</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.700<break/>(0.573;0.856)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2"><bold>&#8804;</bold>0.001</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.867<break/>(0.680;1.107)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.253</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">11 (16.2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sexual UI</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.947<break/>(0.797;1.126)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.540</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.947<break/>(0.971;1.135)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.557</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.997<break/>(0.809;1.229)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.977</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Urinary tract infections</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.947<break/>(0.797;1.126)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.540</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.895<break/>(0.780;1.026)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.112</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.118<break/>(0.909;1.373)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.290</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Bladder pain</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">4 (5.9)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.857<break/>(0.706;1.041)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.120</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.857<break/>(0.738;0.995)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.043</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.102<break/>(0.918;1.323)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.298</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IG</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Difficulty urinating</td>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
              <td align="left"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CG</td>
              <td align="center">3 (4.4)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.9)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.900<break/>(0.747;1.085)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.269</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.900<break/>(0.789;1.027)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.117</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.049<break/>(0.886;1.242)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.576</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">IG</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <attrib>
            <italic>Note: CG - control group; IG - intervention group; T<sub>0</sub> - pre-test; T<sub>1</sub> - 30 days after surgery; T<sub>2</sub> - 60 days after surgery; T<sub>3</sub> - 90 days after surgery; 95% CI - 95% confidence interval;</italic>
          </attrib>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <label>a</label>
            <p>statistical difference between IG and CG at T<sub>0</sub> (reference: CG)<sub>;</sub> <sup>b</sup>statistical difference between pre-test and post-test (reference: T<sub>0</sub>);</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <label>c</label>
            <p>
              <italic>statistical difference in IG compared to CC at post-test (reference: CG at T<sub>0</sub>).</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>As for the group*time interaction (baseline and follow-up), it is noteworthy that there was a statistically significant difference between IG and CG at the end of follow-up with regard to symptoms of increased frequency (p&#8804;0.001), urinary urgency (p&#8804;0.001), nocturia (p&#8804;0.005), stress UI (p&#8804;0.001), and urge incontinence (p&lt; 0.045). At the end of the study, IG was 37.5% less likely (&#946;=0.625) to have increased urinary frequency, 33.9% (&#946;=0.661) to have urinary urgency, 28.1% (&#946;=0.719) of nocturia, 27.2% (&#946;=0.728) of having stress UI and 21.2% (&#946;=0.788) of having urge incontinence, compared to the group that did not receive guidance related to behavioral NI contained in the program under study.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>DISCUSSION</title>
      <p>The findings found in the present study converge to the finding that, although a reduction in PRPUI intensity is observed for both groups (IG and CG), for IG participants, the reduction in UI intensity (Pad-Test and UISRP) was more expressive and faster, since, with thirty days after surgery, it was already possible to observe clinical results. These findings prove that CBP to control UI and other LUTS accelerates the therapeutic process with regard to the outcomes assessed in this study and in the population studied.</p>
      <p>Regardless of the group in which they were allocated, prostatectomized men included in this study showed a reduction in the rate of urinary loss assessed by the Pad-Test and a reduction in scores using UISRP. Based on these results, it can be inferred that participants in both groups tend to obtain a reduction in PRPUI intensity over time. However, it was observed that, even with a significant improvement in PRPUI during follow-up, at the end of the study, participants in CG still had more severe urinary leakage (above 10 g of urinary leakage)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>, compared to IG<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In short, PRPUI and other LUTS are clinical conditions that can spontaneously manifest in a transient way or extend for a longer time in an individual&#8217;s life, especially when associated with factors such as advanced age, sedentary lifestyle and obesity<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>. In general, UI intensity is expected to decrease over time<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>; however, the findings of this study find that, even after ninety days post-surgical, men who do not receive a therapeutic option may experience moderate or severe UI.</p>
      <p>These findings corroborate the results presented by other authors, which demonstrate that, after six months postoperatively, approximately 57% of prostatectomized men had involuntary urinary leakage, with 41% mild UI, 14% moderate UI and 2% severe UI<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>. Therefore, it is evident the need to invest in therapeutic options in a timely manner, with the use of strategiesthat promote self-efficacy and positive belief, with a view to increasing compliance with behaviors and, therefore, reducing physical, psychological and social impacts. In this way, stronger attitudes towards compliance with the proposed NI, supported by the belief in self-efficacy obtained through the strategies adopted in the CBP, may have been responsible for the beneficial implications in the increase of compliance and consequent reduction of PRPUI and LUTS intensity, in a more expressive way, in IG participants. For the SCT<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup>, these strategies are immediate predictors in decision-making for adopting a health behavior. Therefore, it is assumed that the intentions projected through the strategies contained in a cognitive-behavioral approach, sustained by the belief of self-efficacy and constant motivation throughout the therapeutic process, were reverted into concrete actions for the real effectuation of a behavior to control LUTS post-RP. Furthermore, with regard to the assessment of other LUTS in the population studied, it is observed that, in relation to the frequency and urgency of urination, nocturia, stress UI and urge incontinence were the most reported LUTS by patients at baseline for both CG and IG. For men in whom LUTS are clinically more expressive, behavioral therapeutic interventions prove to be significantly more relevant and beneficial in relieving these symptoms<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>. Corroborating this statement, in the present study, men whose LUTS were more expressive at baseline also showed a more expressive and significant improvement after the implementation of a CBP.</p>
      <p>To date, most studies assessing post-RP functional outcomes emphasize PRPUI as a primary outcome of perceived patient dissatisfaction after surgery<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. However, PRPUI is just one component of a symptom complex<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>, and using it as the sole metric can be biased, as these symptoms have a significant effect on overall well-being and are often the reason men seek investigations that culminate in a diagnosis of prostate cancer.</p>
      <p>Authors have reported a reduction in LUTS after RP, especially in men with moderate to severe symptoms, however they emphasize that the profile of LUTS changes after surgery. Prior to RP, voiding symptoms are more prevalent and, after prostate removal, these symptoms become less expressive and give way to storage symptoms<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>. These statements corroborate the findings presented in this study, since it was possible to observe a reduction in voiding LUTS and permanence of PRPUI, predominantly of the type of stress and other storage symptoms, such as frequency, urgency and nocturia.</p>
      <p>Although both groups showed improvement in LUTS, notably men undergoing the proposed CBP were less likely to remain with storage symptoms, such as stress UI, urge incontinence, nocturia and frequency. NI, including behavioral therapeutic methods, always constitute the first step in the management of LUTS after RP. Therefore, it is important for nurses to be aware of the clinical features of post-prostatectomy LUTS in order to provide healthcare tailored to the needs of these men. Furthermore, NI must be implemented with strategies that provide support and support, in order to promote motivation and belief in self-efficacy<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>. Thus, it reinforces the idea that the CBP structured by NI, which aims to promote self-care through the adoption of health behaviors and habits using motivation strategies and telephone follow-up, proves to be effective for obtaining better clinical results. In this context, authors<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup> emphasize that a teaching program associated with telephone follow-up can allow an increase in knowledge and a bond between nurse and patient. Moreover, this strategy may allow, through effective monitoring and communication, men undergoing RP to manifest better clinical results through the adoption of behaviors that will lead to the reduction of PRPUI and other LUTS.</p>
      <p>Although progressive improvement is seen in PRPUI and other LUTS over time, for those men in whom these symptoms persist, the social, emotional, physical, and economic impacts can become extremely overwhelming and impactful. Thus, through a therapeutic option with the use of cognitive-behavioral strategies<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>, implemented in a timely manner, the chances of returning to full and definitive voiding control will be greater<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. With this, it is possible to reduce the chance of physical consequences that can impact the lives of subjects with UI<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>, in addition to reducing the economic impact for both patients and health services, with a consequent reduction in the need for more complex, invasive and costly therapeutic measures<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study limitations</title>
        <p>As a limitation of this research, the restriction of generalization of its results to different contexts is mentioned. This intervention was proposed in an academic context, in which a team of nurses was exclusively dedicated to the proposed activities. In this way, it is suggested that, for a successful reproduction, a qualified and committed professional is necessary, in addition to the support of the institution where the program will be implemented. Furthermore, as it is a study with a small number of participants, it is possible to mention the restriction of generalization of the results presented. Therefore, it is important to implement the intervention in different contexts and with a significant number of participants.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Contributions to nursing, health, and public policies</title>
        <p>The contribution of this study to clinical nursing practice and related areas focuses on enabling a low-cost and feasible therapeutic proposal. Thus, it is expected that the results presented will encourage the performance of new studies with a significant sample size to support the clinical effectiveness results presented in this study.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>CONCLUSION</title>
      <p>The CBP structured in NI proved to be effective in reducing UI and LUTS intensity. From the program proposed in the present study, greater support and motivation were provided through strategies of social persuasion, positive feedback and vicarious reinforcement. In this way, it is possible to infer that the strategies listed through the SCT contributed to increased compliance with habits and behaviors that helped in the control of LUTS after RP, in addition to providing greater confidence in the nurse-patient relationship and, therefore, increased joining the proposed NI.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <label>SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL</label>
        <p>Considering open science communication practices, the data are in the SciELO Data repository under DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.WYJ9UX">https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.WYJ9UX</ext-link>.</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5916-0784</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Paula</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Augusto Peclat de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7987-2562</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>M. Gra&#231;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">III</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5324-9411</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Jackelline Evellin Moreira dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0279-9878</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brasil</surname>
            <given-names>Virginia Visconde</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1055-1354</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Lizete Malagoni de Almeida Cavalcante</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s. Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>III</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Minho. Braga, Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Autor Correspondente:</bold> Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata E-mail: <email>lucianarfmata@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR CHEFE: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR ASSOCIADO: Alexandre Balsanelli</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>avaliar a efetividade de um programa cognitivo-comportamental para controle de sintomas do trato urin&#225;rio inferior p&#243;s-prostatectomia radical.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todo:</title>
          <p>estudo de ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado, com 41 participantes aleatorizados em interven&#231;&#227;o (n=20) e controle (n=21), durante tr&#234;s meses. O grupo interven&#231;&#227;o recebeu o programa cognitivo-comportamental, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu orienta&#231;&#245;es de rotina do servi&#231;o. As vari&#225;veis desfechos foram intensidade da incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria e sintomas do trato urin&#225;rio inferior, avaliados pelo <italic>Pad-Test</italic> e <italic>Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy</italic> e <italic>King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire</italic>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>ao final do estudo, o grupo interven&#231;&#227;o apresentou menor intensidade da incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria (p&#8804;0,001), e houve menos chances de apresentar altera&#231;&#245;es da frequ&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria (p&#8804;0,001), urg&#234;ncia miccional (p&#8804;0,001), noct&#250;ria (p=0,005), incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria de esfor&#231;o (p&#8804;0,001) e urge-incontin&#234;ncia (p&#8804;0,045).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>o programa cognitivo-comportamental foi efetivo para a redu&#231;&#227;o de sintomas do trato urin&#225;rio inferior ap&#243;s a prostatectomia radical. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Cl&#237;nicos: RBR-3sstqg.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Descritores:</title>
        <kwd>Enfermagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Incontin&#234;ncia Urin&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Sintomas do Trato Urin&#225;rio Inferior</kwd>
        <kwd>Prostatectomia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensaio Cl&#237;nico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</title>
        <p>Ap&#243;s a prostatectomia radical (PR), disfun&#231;&#245;es miccionais transit&#243;rias ou prolongadas podem ser experienciadas, com destaque para a incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria (IU) e outros sintomas do trato urin&#225;rio inferior (STUI). Os STUI referem-se a um conjunto de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas presentes quando algum dos componentes do processo fisiol&#243;gico da mic&#231;&#227;o se apresentam alterados. Segundo a <italic>Internacional Continence Society</italic> (ICS), os STUI podem ser classificados em sintomas de armazenamento, esvaziamento e/ou altera&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-miccionais. A IU, por sua vez, &#233; caracterizada como qualquer perda involunt&#225;ria de urina, e, quando investigada detalhadamente, &#233; caracterizada como uma condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica complexa e n&#227;o apenas como um sintoma<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Homens submetidos &#224; PR podem experimentar mais STUI em rela&#231;&#227;o ao per&#237;odo pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, inclusive ap&#243;s seis meses da cirurgia<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup>. Quanto &#224; IU, cerca de 57% dos homens relatam perdas urin&#225;rias involunt&#225;rias ap&#243;s um m&#234;s da PR. A redu&#231;&#227;o espont&#226;nea da IU com o passar do tempo &#233; esperada, contudo cerca de 44% dos homens ainda podem queixar perdas urin&#225;rias associadas a esfor&#231;os e precisar de um ou mais absorventes ao dia<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Interven&#231;&#245;es de enfermagem (IE) pautadas no controle da IU e outros STUI devem ser consideradas em tempo oportuno, com vistas &#224; melhora do progn&#243;stico p&#243;s-cirurgia. Essas interven&#231;&#245;es devem envolver medidas comportamentais, com inclus&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios da musculatura do assoalho p&#233;lvico (MAP), al&#233;m da aquisi&#231;&#227;o de h&#225;bitos e comportamentos, tais como ingest&#227;o adequada de l&#237;quidos, cessa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo, cafe&#237;na e ingest&#227;o de capsaicina (pimenta), apresentando a ades&#227;o ao tratamento com uma de suas limita&#231;&#245;es<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Neste sentido, o uso da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental como estrat&#233;gia para implementa&#231;&#227;o de IE tende a auxiliar no aumento da ades&#227;o ao tratamento, promovendo maiores chances de sucesso terap&#234;utico. A abordagem cognitivo-comportamental descrita na Teoria Social Cognitiva (TSC)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup> visa integrar orienta&#231;&#245;es &#224; rotina do paciente com o uso de mecanismos de refor&#231;o positivo do processo terap&#234;utico, como persuas&#227;o social, <italic>feedback</italic> positivo e refor&#231;o vic&#225;rio. Ressalta-se que s&#227;o escassos na literatura estudos sobre medidas comportamentais para controle da incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria p&#243;s-prostatectomia radical (IUPPR) pautadas neste referencial te&#243;rico. Dessa forma, acredita-se que os resultados deste estudo poder&#227;o contribuir para a incorpora&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica de interven&#231;&#245;es de baixo custo e com potencial &#234;xito para controle dos STUI p&#243;s-PR, propiciando conhecimento e autogest&#227;o de controle.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>OBJETIVO</title>
        <p>Avaliar o efeito de um programa cognitivo-comportamental para controle de STUI p&#243;s-PR.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#201;TODOS</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>No desenvolvimento deste estudo, foram adotadas as recomenda&#231;&#245;es &#233;ticas referentes a pesquisas com seres humanos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos, e registrado na Plataforma de Registros Brasileiros de Ensaios Cl&#237;nicos, sob n&#250;mero de identifica&#231;&#227;o Universal Trial: RBR-3sstqg.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho, per&#237;odo e local do estudo</title>
          <p>Estudo de ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado, mono-cego, com aleatoriza&#231;&#227;o 1:1, utilizando grupo interven&#231;&#227;o (GI) e grupo controle (GC), desenvolvido no per&#237;odo entre novembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020 em uma unidade ambulatorial vinculada a um Centro de Assist&#234;ncia de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia (CACON) filantr&#243;pico, da regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste do Brasil.</p>
          <p>Na elabora&#231;&#227;o e execu&#231;&#227;o do estudo, foram consideradas as recomenda&#231;&#245;es do <italic>Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials</italic> (CONSORT)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Amostra; crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>A amostra correspondeu a todos os participantes eleg&#237;veis no per&#237;odo de coleta de dados, totalizando 41 homens com IU p&#243;s-PR. Foram inclu&#237;dos homens com idade superior a 18 anos, com IU leve, moderada ou grave, avaliada por meio do <italic>Pad-Test</italic><sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>, com capacidade cognitiva preservada, avaliada por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup>, com capacidade locomotora preservada, contato telef&#244;nico dispon&#237;vel e disponibilidade para retornos presenciais quinzenais. Foram exclu&#237;dos homens com hist&#243;rico de doen&#231;as que resultem em influ&#234;ncias no controle miccional ou uso de medica&#231;&#245;es com efeito diur&#233;tico, al&#233;m de uso prolongado (&gt; 21 dias) de cateter vesical de demora (CVD).</p>
          <p>O recrutamento foi realizado por meio da agenda cir&#250;rgica e ambulatorial da institui&#231;&#227;o. Os pacientes eram abordados ap&#243;s a retirada do CVD e apresentados aos objetivos do estudo. Mediante interesse em participar, eram convidados a retornar entre 15 e 20 dias para a leitura e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e randomiza&#231;&#227;o entre GI e GC.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Protocolo do estudo</title>
          <p>Os participantes foram randomizados em cinco &#8220;blocos&#8221; de dez indiv&#237;duos. Desta forma, cinco listas de dez n&#250;meros aleat&#243;rios associados &#224; letra &#8220;I&#8221; (interven&#231;&#227;o) ou &#8220;C&#8221; (controle) foram geradas no <italic>Randomizer.org</italic> por um pesquisador externo. Este mesmo pesquisador confeccionou envelopes opacos para os n&#250;meros gerados. Ap&#243;s a aplica&#231;&#227;o dos instrumentos de coleta de dados e imediatamente antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o da primeira sess&#227;o da interven&#231;&#227;o, o envelope foi aberto pelo participante para identificar em que grupo ele seria alocado.</p>
          <p>No primeiro momento da coleta de dados, foi aplicado um formul&#225;rio para caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da amostra pelo pesquisador principal, que n&#227;o sabia, <italic>a priori</italic>, a qual grupo (GC e GI) os participantes tinham sido alocados. As avalia&#231;&#245;es subsequentes foram realizadas por outros pesquisadores previamente treinados, o que caracterizou o cegamento das etapas de coleta de dados do estudo.</p>
          <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o foi baseada em um programa cognitivo-comportamental (PCC) composto por IE para controle da IU e STUI p&#243;s-PR. Foram implementadas IE verbais e escritas por meio de material educativo (livreto) intitulado &#8220;Manual de orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria p&#243;s-prostatectomia radical&#8221;<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>)</sup>. O livreto cont&#233;m orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre queixas miccionais, incluindo estruturas e processos envolvidos na etiologia, h&#225;bitos de vida associados ao controle, como ingest&#227;o adequada de l&#237;quidos, cessa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo, redu&#231;&#227;o da ingest&#227;o de bebidas contendo cafe&#237;na, alimentos irritantes vesicais na dieta<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</sup>. Foram, ainda, inseridas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios da MAP<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>O regime de treinamento da MAP proposto no livreto &#233; baseado em diretrizes e recomenda&#231;&#245;es de protocolos j&#225; implementados e validados em outros estudos<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup>, com a finalidade de promover for&#231;a e controle miccional. Trata-se de um programa de seis etapas a serem realizadas ao longo de doze semanas, com contra&#231;&#245;es volunt&#225;rias m&#225;ximas r&#225;pidas ou sub-m&#225;ximas, sustentadas e realizadas nas posi&#231;&#245;es deitada, sentada, de p&#233; e caminhando. O avan&#231;o nas etapas ocorreu a cada semana, de acordo com o &#234;xito do participante na etapa anterior. No presente estudo, foram realizados treinamentos presenciais (semanais, quinzenais ou mensais, de acordo com a propriocep&#231;&#227;o), al&#233;m de contatos telef&#244;nicos semanais com todos os participantes do GI, para acompanhamento e refor&#231;o da import&#226;ncia da continuidade dos exerc&#237;cios em domic&#237;lio.</p>
          <p>A fim de incentivar e verificar a ades&#227;o &#224;s orienta&#231;&#245;es recebidas presencialmente, foram realizados contatos telef&#244;nicos individuais regulares com os participantes do GI durante todo o tempo previsto no programa. Este acompanhamento consistiu de mensagens de texto via dispositivo m&#243;vel e contatos telef&#244;nicos semanais guiados por roteiro orientador oferecendo <italic>feedback</italic> positivo em caso de ades&#227;o aos h&#225;bitos e comportamentos ou refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia da ades&#227;o. Al&#233;m dos aspectos educativos, fizeram parte do PCC a motiva&#231;&#227;o pessoal, utilizando a persuas&#227;o social e experi&#234;ncia vic&#225;ria (apresenta&#231;&#227;o de v&#237;deo sobre o &#234;xito de um paciente com a terapia), e a disponibiliza&#231;&#227;o de um n&#250;mero telef&#244;nico para quaisquer necessidades, com vistas a favorecer o papel do enfermeiro como motivador e supervisor de todo o processo.</p>
          <p>Homens alocados no GC receberam cuidados usuais, incluindo orienta&#231;&#245;es verbais sobre restri&#231;&#227;o de cafe&#237;na e realiza&#231;&#227;o de contra&#231;&#245;es dos m&#250;culos p&#233;lvicos ap&#243;s a retirada do CVD.</p>
          <p>A coleta de dados ocorreu em entrevistas estruturadas individuais, cuja dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia foi de 60 minutos. Foram realizadas pela pesquisadora principal e equipe previamente treinada, em ambiente privativo. Os dados foram coletados em cinco momentos em retornos ambulatoriais pr&#233;-agendados: 15 a 20 dias ap&#243;s a retirada do CVD (linha de base - T<sub>0</sub>); trinta dias ap&#243;s linha de base (T<sub>1</sub>); sessenta dias ap&#243;s linha de base (T<sub>2</sub>); e noventa dias ap&#243;s linha de base (T<sub>3</sub>).</p>
          <p>Este estudo avaliou os efeitos positivos do PCC no controle da IUPPR (desfecho prim&#225;rio), bem como nos STUI (desfechos secund&#225;rios). A intensidade da IUPPR foi avaliada pelo <italic>Pad-Test</italic>, m&#233;todo validado e frequentemente utilizado em pesquisas cl&#237;nicas para quantificar o volume de perda urin&#225;ria atrav&#233;s do peso de um absorvente<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>)</sup>. O teste foi realizado em cinco etapas: 1) pesagem do absorvente em balan&#231;a de alta sensibilidade (e-LABShop); 2) ingest&#227;o de 500 ml de &#225;gua; 3) 15 minutos de repouso; 4) realiza&#231;&#227;o de uma s&#233;rie de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos provocativos de perdas urin&#225;rias; e 5) nova pesagem do absorvente. Os resultados obtidos na pesagem classificam a perda urin&#225;ria em leve (1,1 a 9,9 g), moderada (10 a 50 g) ou severa (acima de 50 g)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>A <italic>Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy</italic> (UISRP) tamb&#233;m foi utilizada para avaliar o desfecho prim&#225;rio. &#201; o &#250;nico instrumento espec&#237;fico para pacientes prostatectomizados e validado para a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira. &#201; composto de sete itens com escalas do tipo Likert de cinco pontos, no qual zero indica &#8220;nunca&#8221; e quatro indica &#8220;sempre&#8221;. A pontua&#231;&#227;o varia entre 0 e 32, e pontua&#231;&#245;es mais altas indicam maior intensidade da IU<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>Os STUI (desfechos secund&#225;rios) foram avaliados por meio de uma escala independente do <italic>King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire</italic> (KHQ), que avalia a presen&#231;a e a intensidade de sintomas urin&#225;rios. N&#227;o existe escore total para esta escala, e os itens s&#227;o analisados de forma independente<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>Na linha de base (T<sub>0</sub>)<sub>,</sub> os participantes responderam a um formul&#225;rio para caracteriza&#231;&#227;o sociodemogr&#225;fica e cl&#237;nica, e, na sequ&#234;ncia, foram avaliados quanto &#224; intensidade da perda urin&#225;ria (<italic>Pad-Test</italic>). Em seguida, foram submetidos &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IU pela UISRP e dos STUI pela escala espec&#237;fica do KHQ. Neste momento, os participantes foram randomizados em GC e GI. Os alocados no GI foram apresentados ao PCC de reabilita&#231;&#227;o precoce da IU e receberam orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre a realiza&#231;&#227;o dos exerc&#237;cios e mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida, sendo agendado um retorno em 15 dias para receberem refor&#231;o das orienta&#231;&#245;es presencialmente, e outros, ap&#243;s 30 (T<sub>1</sub>), 60 (T<sub>2</sub>) e 90 (T<sub>3</sub>) dias, para as avalia&#231;&#245;es subsequentes. Aqueles alocados no GC seguiram em atendimento de rotina da institui&#231;&#227;o, e foi realizado o agendamento para nova avalia&#231;&#227;o em 30 dias. Em todos os retornos ambulatoriais para acompanhamento cl&#237;nico (T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> e T<sub>3</sub>), os homens de ambos os grupos foram avaliados quanto &#224; intensidade da perda urin&#225;ria (<italic>Pad-Test</italic> e UISRP) e submetidos &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o subsequente de presen&#231;a de outros STUI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise dos resultados e estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os dados foram digitados em planilha eletr&#244;nica do programa <italic>Excel</italic> para <italic>Windows</italic><sup>&#174;</sup>, em dupla entrada, para verifica&#231;&#227;o de equival&#234;ncia. A an&#225;lise foi realizada em <italic>software</italic> estat&#237;stico <italic>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS) para <italic>Windows</italic><sup>&#174;</sup>, vers&#227;o 23. Foi realizado o Teste Shapiro-Wilk para testar se as vari&#225;veis estudadas seguiam a distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. As vari&#225;veis explanat&#243;rias do tipo nominais foram descritas pela distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncias e por tabelas, e as vari&#225;veis quantitativas, a depender da normalidade, foram descritas pelas medidas de tend&#234;ncia central e dispers&#227;o (m&#233;dia/desvio padr&#227;o, em caso de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal, e mediana/percentis, caso apresentassem distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal). A equival&#234;ncia entre os grupos quanto &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas no pr&#233;-teste foi verificada pelos Testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney. O Teste do Qui-Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher foi utilizado para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas.</p>
          <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; compara&#231;&#227;o entre GI e GC nos diferentes momentos do p&#243;s-teste e de cada grupo ao longo do tempo, as vari&#225;veis de desfecho prim&#225;rio (intensidade da IU) em diferentes intervalos de tempo foram analisadas pelo modelo longitudinal com o uso das Equa&#231;&#245;es de Estima&#231;&#245;es Generalizadas ou <italic>Generalized Estimating Equations</italic> (GEE), a fim de avaliar o efeito da aloca&#231;&#227;o de grupo, tempo e a intera&#231;&#227;o entre o efeito do grupo e do tempo (grupo*tempo). Para efeitos significativos a 5%, a compara&#231;&#227;o das m&#233;dias foi obtida por meio do teste <italic>post-hoc</italic> t, protegido por Bonferroni, que tem por finalidade ajustar o valor de signific&#226;ncia do teste baseado no n&#250;mero de compara&#231;&#245;es, a fim de reduzir a chance de erro tipo I.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>RESULTADOS</title>
        <p>Dos 117 homens submetidos &#224; PR, 57 foram avaliados para elegibilidade, e 41 foram eleg&#237;veis e randomizados, dos quais 21 foram alocados no GI e 20 no GC. Entretanto, durante o seguimento, quatro participantes do GI e tr&#234;s do GC foram descontinuados, em decorr&#234;ncia do impedimento para retornos presenciais por conta da pandemia de COVID-19. Desta forma, totalizaram 17 participantes no GI e 17 no GC, que compuseram a amostra para an&#225;lise dos desfechos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Fluxograma de recrutamento e inclus&#227;o dos participantes no estudo, em conformidade com o <italic>Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials</italic> (CONSORT), Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brasil</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>
              <italic>Nota: T<sub>0</sub> - pr&#233;-teste; T<sub>1</sub> - 30 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; T<sub>2</sub> - 60 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; T<sub>3</sub> - 90 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; GC - grupo controle; GI - grupo interven&#231;&#227;o; CVD - cateter vesical de demora; IUPPR - incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria p&#243;s-prostatectomia radical.</italic>
            </attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-75-05-e20210818-0818-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>De acordo com os dados de caracteriza&#231;&#227;o sociodemogr&#225;fica e cl&#237;nica, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre GC e GI ao n&#237;vel das vari&#225;veis idade, cor da pele, escolaridade, renda, situa&#231;&#227;o conjugal, ingest&#227;o de caf&#233;/ch&#225;, tabagismo, atividade f&#237;sica, n&#250;mero de fraldas, &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal, tempo de p&#243;s-cirurgia e dias de perman&#234;ncia com o CVD (p&gt;0,05). Tais resultados demonstram homogeneidade entre os grupos.</p>
        <p>Na compara&#231;&#227;o do desfecho prim&#225;rio (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>), constatou-se efeito estatisticamente significativo na intera&#231;&#227;o grupo*tempo para o GI. Houve redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IUPPR, com diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica apenas no primeiro m&#234;s de acompanhamento (T<sub>1</sub>) (p&#8804;0,001) para os participantes do GI, quando avaliada pelo <italic>Pad-Test</italic>. Em contrapartida, quando avaliada por meio da UISRP, a intensidade da IU tamb&#233;m reduziu de forma significativa, por&#233;m esta diferen&#231;a permaneceu em todos os tempos de seguimento do estudo para o GI (T<sub>1</sub> - p=0,003; T<sub>2</sub> - p&#8804;0,001e T<sub>3</sub> - p&#8804;0,001), como mostra a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Modelo de Equa&#231;&#245;es de estima&#231;&#245;es Generalizadas para avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade da interven&#231;&#227;o sobre a intensidade da incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brasil, 2021 (n=34)</title>
          </caption>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2"/>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Efeito: grupo<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">a</xref></sup></th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Efeito: tempo<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">b</xref></sup></th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Grupo<sup>*</sup>tempo<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">c</xref></sup></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">GI</th>
                <th align="center">GC</th>
                <th align="center">&#946; (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
                <th align="center">&#946; (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
                <th align="center">&#946; (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>Pad-Test</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>0</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">50,9(7,8)</td>
                <td align="center">53,6(12,8)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">-0,051<break/>(-0,611;0,508)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,858</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>1</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">12,5(3,0)</td>
                <td align="center">32,2(9,0)</td>
                <td align="center">-0,508<break/>(-0,934;-0,081)</td>
                <td align="center">0,020</td>
                <td align="center">-0,895<break/>(-1,427;-0,363)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>2</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">7,2(4,7)</td>
                <td align="center">20,9(4,9)</td>
                <td align="center">-0,941<break/>(-1,286;-0,586)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">-1,006<break/>(-2,277; 0,265)</td>
                <td align="center">0,121</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>3</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">3,4(2,8)</td>
                <td align="center">15,1(3,9)</td>
                <td align="center">-1,266<break/>(-1,709;-0,824)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">-1,413<break/>(-3,023;0,197)</td>
                <td align="center">0,085</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">UISRP</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
                <td align="left" valign="bottom"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>0</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">18,5(1,2)</td>
                <td align="center">18,4(1,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,006<break/>(-0,179;0,192)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,946</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>1</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">11,8(1,0)</td>
                <td align="center">15,8(1,4)</td>
                <td align="center">-0,151<break/>(-0,242;-0,060)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">-0,293<break/>(-0,487;-0,098)</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>2</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">5,3(0,9)</td>
                <td align="center">13,6(1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">-0,299<break/>(-0,457;-0,141)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">-0,952<break/>(-1,292;-0,611)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <italic>T<sub>3</sub></italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center">3,0(1,1)</td>
                <td align="center">13,0(1,2)</td>
                <td align="center">-0,343<break/>(-0,563;-0,123)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
                <td align="center">-1,447<break/>(-2,166;-0,729)</td>
                <td align="center">&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>
              <italic>Nota: T<sub>0</sub> - pr&#233;-teste; T<sub>1</sub> - 30 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; T<sub>2</sub> - 60 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; T<sub>3</sub> - 90 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; GC - grupo controle; GI - grupo interven&#231;&#227;o; UISRP - Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy; IC95% - intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%;</italic>
            </attrib>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <label>a</label>
              <p>diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica entre os dois grupos no T<sub>0</sub> (refer&#234;ncia: GC);</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <label>b</label>
              <p> diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica entre os tempos de avalia&#231;&#227;o (refer&#234;ncia: T<sub>0</sub>);</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <label>c</label>
              <p>
                <italic>diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica no GI em rela&#231;&#227;o ao GC nos diferentes momentos p&#243;s-teste (refer&#234;ncia: T<sub>0</sub>).</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Ao realizar nova compara&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos, a partir da corre&#231;&#227;o pelo teste <italic>post-hoc</italic> de Bonferroni, observou-se diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa, ao final do estudo, tanto para a avalia&#231;&#227;o realizada pelo <italic>Pad-Test</italic> (p=0,016) quanto pela UISRP (p&#8804;0,001). Na compara&#231;&#227;o entre a linha de base e os diversos momentos de avalia&#231;&#227;o no seguimento, o GC apresenta diferen&#231;a significativa apenas a partir de sessenta dias de seguimento (T<sub>2</sub>). J&#225; no GI, essa diferen&#231;a foi observada na primeira avalia&#231;&#227;o (T<sub>1</sub>), permanecendo em todos os momentos para ambas as estrat&#233;gias de avalia&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>An&#225;lise da intensidade da incontin&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria, verificada por meio do <italic>Pad-Test</italic> e <italic>Urinary Incontinence Scale of Radical Prostatectomy</italic>, expressa em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o, de acordo com o teste <italic>post-hoc t</italic> de Bonferroni - Equa&#231;&#245;es de Estima&#231;&#245;es Generalizadas, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brasil, 2021 (n=34)</title>
          </caption>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2"/>
                <th align="center" colspan="4">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">T<sub>0</sub>-T<sub>1</sub><break/>(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/>Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">T<sub>0</sub>-T<sub>2</sub><break/>(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/>Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">T<sub>0</sub>-T<sub>3</sub><break/>(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/>Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">T<sub>0</sub></th>
                <th align="center">T<sub>1</sub></th>
                <th align="center">T<sub>2</sub></th>
                <th align="center">T<sub>3</sub></th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <italic>Pad-Test</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GI</td>
                <td align="center">50,9(7,8)</td>
                <td align="center">12,5(3,0)</td>
                <td align="center">7,2 (4,7)</td>
                <td align="center">3,4 (2,8)</td>
                <td align="center">(23,0;53,8)<break/>&#8804; <bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(22,5;64,7)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(26,9;67,9)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GC</td>
                <td align="center">53,6(12,8)</td>
                <td align="center">32,2(9,0)</td>
                <td align="center">20,9(4,9)</td>
                <td align="center">15,1(3,9)</td>
                <td align="center">(-4,1; 46,8)<break/>0,165</td>
                <td align="center">(6,5; 58,8)<break/>0,006</td>
                <td align="center">(9,4; 67,5)<break/>0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/>Valor de <italic>p</italic></td>
                <td align="center">(-32,2;26,9)<break/>0,859</td>
                <td align="center">(-38,5;-0,9)<break/>0,039</td>
                <td align="center">(-27,0;-0,2)<break/>0,045</td>
                <td align="center">(-21,0;-2,1)<break/>0,016</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">UISRP </td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GI</td>
                <td align="center">18,5 (1,2)</td>
                <td align="center">11,8 (1,0)</td>
                <td align="center">5,3 (0,9)</td>
                <td align="center">3,0 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center">(3,2; 10,0)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(10,0;16,4)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(11,4;19,4)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GC</td>
                <td align="center">18,4 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center">15,8 (1,4)</td>
                <td align="center">13,6 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">13,0 (1,2)</td>
                <td align="center">(0,7;4,4)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(1,9;7,6)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(0,9;9,7)<break/>0,008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">(IC 95%)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref></sup><break/>Valor de <italic>p</italic></td>
                <td align="center">(-3,3; 3,5)<break/>0,946</td>
                <td align="center">(-7,4; -0,4)<break/>0,027</td>
                <td align="center">(-11,8; -4,8)<break/>&#8804;<bold>0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="center">(-13,2; -6,6)<break/><bold>&#8804;0,001</bold></td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>
              <italic>Nota: GC - grupo controle; GI - grupo interven&#231;&#227;o; DP - desvio padr&#227;o;</italic>
            </attrib>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>intervalo de confian&#231;a para a diferen&#231;a de m&#233;dias em 95%;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>
                <italic>p &lt; 0,05 de acordo com o teste post-hoc de Bonferroni.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O resultado relativo &#224; compara&#231;&#227;o das m&#233;dias de perdas urin&#225;rias (em gramas) pelo <italic>Pad-Test</italic> em T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> e T<sub>3</sub> apresentou melhora significativa quando comparado &#224;s m&#233;dias de perdas urin&#225;rias (em gramas), obtidas na linha de base (T<sub>0</sub>), tanto no GC quanto no GI. Entretanto, o GC iniciou o estudo com m&#233;dia de 53,6&#177;12,8 g e alcan&#231;ou 15,1&#177;3,9 g ao final do seguimento. J&#225; o GI iniciou com m&#233;dia de 50,9&#177;7,8 g, finalizando os noventa dias de seguimento com 3,4&#177;2,8 g de perda urin&#225;ria.</p>
        <p>O mesmo ocorreu quando comparadas as m&#233;dias dos escores obtidos na UISRP em T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> e T<sub>3</sub>. O GC iniciou o estudo com m&#233;dia de 18,4&#177;1,1, alcan&#231;ando 13,0&#177;1,2 ao final do seguimento. J&#225; o GI iniciou com m&#233;dia de 18,5&#177;1,2, finalizando os noventa dias de seguimento com 3,0&#177;1,1.</p>
        <p>Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>, observa-se que, na compara&#231;&#227;o da propor&#231;&#227;o de participantes com sintomas urin&#225;rios (KHQ), constatou-se efeito no tempo (linha de base e seguimento), independente dos grupos, para os sintomas de noct&#250;ria (p=0,020) e urge-incontin&#234;ncia (p=0,009).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Modelo de Equa&#231;&#245;es de Estima&#231;&#245;es Generalizadas para avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade da interven&#231;&#227;o sobre a presen&#231;a de sintomas urin&#225;rios avaliados pelo <italic>King&#8217;s Health Questionnaire</italic>, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, Brasil, 2021 (n=34)</title>
          </caption>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Sintomas urin&#225;rios</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="4">n (%)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Efeito: grupo<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">a</xref></sup></th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Efeito: tempo<sup>b</sup></th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Grupo<sup>*</sup>tempo<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">c</xref></sup></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">T<sub>0</sub></th>
                <th align="center">T<sub>1</sub></th>
                <th align="center">T<sub>2</sub></th>
                <th align="center">T<sub>3</sub></th>
                <th align="center">&#946; (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
                <th align="center">&#946; (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
                <th align="center">&#946; (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de <italic>p</italic></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Frequ&#234;ncia</th>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
                <th align="left"/>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,0)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (20,6)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (17,6)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (22,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,000<break/>(1,000;1,000)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>&lt;0,001</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,941<break/>(0,868;1,021)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,144</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,625<break/>(0,525;0,744)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>&#8804;0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,0)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (14,7)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (4,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Noct&#250;ria</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">16 (23,5)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (20,6)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (16,2)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (14,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,030<break/>(0,973;1,091)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,310</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,818<break/>(0,691;0,969)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,020</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,719<break/>(0,572;0,904)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,0)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (14,7)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (4,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Urg&#234;ncia</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">16 (23,5)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (22,1)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (19,1)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (20,6)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,879<break/>(0,764;1,010)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,069</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,939<break/>(0,833;1,060)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,309</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,661<break/>(0,544;0,802)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>&#8804;0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">12 (17,6)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (8,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Urge-incontin&#234;ncia</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">16 (23,5)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (20,6)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (14,7)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (13,2)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,879<break/>(0,764;1,010)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,069</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,788<break/>(0,660;0,941)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,009</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,788<break/>(0,624;0,995)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,045</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">12 (17,6)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (7,4)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">IU de esfor&#231;o</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">16 (23,5)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (22,1)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (22,1)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (22,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,030<break/>(0,973;1,091)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,310</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,970<break/>(0,874;1,076)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,562</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,728<break/>(0,599;0,885)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>&#8804;0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,0)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (23,5)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (19,1)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (10,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Enurese noturna</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">13 (19,1)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (8,8)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (10,3)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (5,9)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,933<break/>(0,780;1,116)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,450</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,700<break/>(0,573;0,856)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2"><bold>&#8804;</bold>0,001</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,867<break/>(0,680;1,107)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,253</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">11 (16,2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">IU sexual</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,947<break/>(0,797;1,126)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,540</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,947<break/>(0,971;1,135)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,557</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,997<break/>(0,809;1,229)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,977</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#245;es urin&#225;rias</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,947<break/>(0,797;1,126)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,540</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,895<break/>(0,780;1,026)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,112</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,118<break/>(0,909;1,373)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,290</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Dor na bexiga</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">4 (5,9)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,857<break/>(0,706;1,041)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,120</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,857<break/>(0,738;0,995)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,043</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,102<break/>(0,918;1,323)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,298</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GI</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Dificuldade para urinar</td>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
                <td align="left"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">GC</td>
                <td align="center">3 (4,4)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,900<break/>(0,747;1,085)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,269</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,900<break/>(0,789;1,027)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,117</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,049<break/>(0,886;1,242)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,576</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GI</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>
              <italic>Nota: GC - grupo controle; GI - grupo interven&#231;&#227;o; T<sub>0</sub> - pr&#233;-teste; T<sub>1</sub> - 30 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; T<sub>2</sub> - 60 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; T<sub>3</sub> - 90 dias p&#243;s-cirurgia; IC95% - intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%;</italic>
            </attrib>
            <fn id="TFN13">
              <label>a</label>
              <p>diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica entre GI e GC no T<sub>0</sub> (refer&#234;ncia: GC)<sub>;</sub> <sup>b</sup>diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica entre pr&#233;-teste e p&#243;s-teste (refer&#234;ncia: T<sub>0</sub>);</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <label>c</label>
              <p>
                <italic>diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica no GI em rela&#231;&#227;o ao GC no p&#243;s-teste (refer&#234;ncia: GC em T<sub>0</sub>).</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Quanto &#224; intera&#231;&#227;o grupo*tempo (linha de base e seguimento), ressalta-se que houve diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa do GI em rela&#231;&#227;o ao GC ao final do seguimento no que se refere aos sintomas de aumento da frequ&#234;ncia (p&#8804;0,001), urg&#234;ncia miccional (p&#8804;0,001), noct&#250;ria (p&#8804;0,005), IU de esfor&#231;o (p&#8804;0,001) e urge-incontin&#234;ncia (p&lt;0,045). Ao final do estudo, o GI apresentou menos chance em 37,5% (&#946;=0,625) de apresentar aumento da frequ&#234;ncia urin&#225;ria, 33,9% (&#946;=0,661) de apresentar urg&#234;ncia miccional, 28,1% (&#946;=0,719) de apresentar noct&#250;ria, 27,2% (&#946;=0,728) de apresentar IU de esfor&#231;o e 21,2% (&#946;=0,788) de apresentar urge-incontin&#234;ncia, em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo que n&#227;o recebeu orienta&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a IE comportamentais contidas no programa em estudo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>DISCUSS&#195;O</title>
        <p>Os achados encontrados no presente estudo convergem para a constata&#231;&#227;o de que, embora seja observada redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IUPPR para ambos os grupos (GI e GC), para participantes do GI, a redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IU (<italic>Pad-Test</italic> e UISRP) foi mais expressiva e c&#233;lere, visto que, com trinta dias de p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgico, j&#225; foi poss&#237;vel observar resultados cl&#237;nicos. Esses achados comprovam que o PCC para controle da IU e de outros STUI acelera o processo terap&#234;utico no que se refere aos desfechos avaliados neste estudo e na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada.</p>
        <p>Independente do grupo no qual foram alocados, homens prostatectomizados inclu&#237;dos neste estudo apresentaram redu&#231;&#227;o da taxa de perda urin&#225;ria avaliada pelo <italic>Pad-Test</italic> e redu&#231;&#227;o de escores por meio da UISRP. Apoiando-se em tais resultados, pode-se inferir que os participantes de ambos os grupos tendem a obter redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IUPPR ao longo do tempo. Entretanto, observou-se que, mesmo apresentando melhora significativa da IUPPR durante o seguimento, ao final do estudo, os participantes do GC ainda apresentavam perdas urin&#225;rias mais graves (acima de 10 g de perda urin&#225;ria)<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup>, se comparados ao GI<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Em suma, a IUPPR e outros STUI s&#227;o condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que podem manifestar espontaneamente de forma transit&#243;ria ou prolongar por um tempo maior na vida do indiv&#237;duo, principalmente quando associados a fatores, como idade avan&#231;ada, sedentarismo e obesidade<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup>. De forma geral, espera-se que a intensidade da IU seja reduzida com o tempo<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>; por&#233;m, os achados deste estudo constatam que, mesmo ap&#243;s noventa dias de p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgico, homens que n&#227;o recebem uma op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica podem experienciar IU moderada ou grave.</p>
        <p>Esses achados corroboram com resultados apresentados por outros autores, os quais demonstram que, ap&#243;s seis meses de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, aproximadamente 57% dos homens prostatectomizados apresentaram perdas urin&#225;rias involunt&#225;rias, sendo 41% IU leve, 14% IU moderada e 2% IU severa<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</sup>. Evidencia-se, portanto, a necessidade de investimento em op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas em tempo oportuno, com o uso de estrat&#233;gias que promovam a autoefic&#225;cia e cren&#231;a positiva, com vistas ao aumento da ades&#227;o de comportamentos e, por conseguinte, redu&#231;&#227;o de impactos f&#237;sicos, psicol&#243;gicos e sociais. Dessa forma, atitudes mais fortes para a ades&#227;o &#224;s IE propostas, apoiadas na cren&#231;a de autoefic&#225;cia obtidas por meio das estrat&#233;gias adotadas no PCC, podem ter sido as respons&#225;veis pelas implica&#231;&#245;es ben&#233;ficas no aumento da ades&#227;o e consequente redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IUPPR e STUI, de forma mais expressiva, nos participantes do GI. Para a TSC<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup>, essas estrat&#233;gias s&#227;o preditoras imediatas na tomada de decis&#227;o para a ado&#231;&#227;o do comportamento em sa&#250;de. Logo, pressup&#245;e-se que as inten&#231;&#245;es projetadas por meio das estrat&#233;gias contidas na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental, sustentadas pela cren&#231;a de autoefic&#225;cia e motiva&#231;&#227;o constante durante todo o processo terap&#234;utico, reverteram-se em a&#231;&#245;es concretas para a efetiva&#231;&#227;o real do comportamento para controle de STUI p&#243;s-PR. Ademais, no que se refere &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o de outros STUI na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, &#233; observado que, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; frequ&#234;ncia e urg&#234;ncia miccional, noct&#250;ria, IU de esfor&#231;o e urge-incontin&#234;ncia foram os STUI mais relatados pelos pacientes na linha de base tanto para GC quanto para GI. Para homens em que os STUI se apresentam clinicamente mais expressivos, interven&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas comportamentais demonstram ser expressivamente mais relevantes e ben&#233;ficas para aliviar esses sintomas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>. Corroborando com esta afirmativa, no presente estudo, homens cujos STUI foram mais expressivos em linha de base tamb&#233;m apresentaram melhora mais expressiva e significativa ap&#243;s a implementa&#231;&#227;o do PCC.</p>
        <p>At&#233; o momento, a maioria dos estudos que avalia os resultados funcionais p&#243;s-PR enfatiza a IUPPR como um desfecho prim&#225;rio da percep&#231;&#227;o da insatisfa&#231;&#227;o do paciente ap&#243;s a cirurgia<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup>. No entanto, a IUPPR &#233; apenas um componente de um complexo de sintomas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup>, e us&#225;-la como &#250;nica m&#233;trica pode ser um vi&#233;s, uma vez que esses sintomas t&#234;m um efeito significativo no bem-estar geral e s&#227;o frequentemente a raz&#227;o pela qual os homens buscam por investiga&#231;&#227;o que culminam no diagn&#243;stico de c&#226;ncer de pr&#243;stata.</p>
        <p>Autores relataram redu&#231;&#227;o de STUI ap&#243;s a PR, principalmente em homens com sintomas moderados a graves, entretanto destacam que o perfil dos STUI se modifica ap&#243;s a cirurgica. Anteriormente &#224; PR, sintomas miccionais s&#227;o mais prevalentes e, ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o da pr&#243;stata, esses sintomas se tornam menos expressivos e d&#227;o lugar aos sintomas de armazenamento<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup>. Essas afirmativas corroboram com os achados apresentados neste estudo, uma vez que foi poss&#237;vel observar redu&#231;&#227;o nos STUI miccionais e perman&#234;ncia de IUPPR, predominantemente do tipo de estresse e outros sintomas de armazenamento, como frequ&#234;ncia, urg&#234;ncia e noct&#250;ria.</p>
        <p>Ainda que ambos os grupos tenham apresentado melhora dos STUI, notavelmente homens submetidos ao PCC proposto desmonstraram menores chances de permanecerem com sintomas de armazenamento, como IU de esfor&#231;o, urge-incontin&#234;ncia, noct&#250;ria e frequ&#234;ncia. As IE, incluindo m&#233;todos terap&#234;uticos comportamentais, sempre constituem a primeira etapa no manejo do STUI ap&#243;s a PR. Portanto, faz-se importante que os enfermeiros estejam cientes das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de STUI p&#243;s-prostatectomia, a fim de fornecerem cuidados de sa&#250;de personalizados &#224;s necessidades desses homens. Al&#233;m disso, as IE devem ser implementadas com estrat&#233;gias que forne&#231;am apoio e suporte, de forma a promover a motiva&#231;&#227;o e a cren&#231;a de autoefic&#225;cia<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>. Assim, refor&#231;a-se a ideia de que o PCC estruturado por IE, que visa promover o autocuidado por meio da ado&#231;&#227;o de comportamentos e h&#225;bitos em sa&#250;de utilizando estrat&#233;gias de motiva&#231;&#227;o e acompanhamento telef&#244;nico, mostra-se efetivo para a obten&#231;&#227;o de melhores resultados cl&#237;nicos. Neste contexto, autores<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup> destacam que um programa de ensino associado ao acompanhamento telef&#244;nico possa permitir o aumento do conhecimento e v&#237;nculo entre enfermeiro e paciente. Al&#233;m disso, esta estrat&#233;gia poder&#225; permitir que, por meio de um acompanhamento e comunica&#231;&#227;o efetiva, homens submetidos &#224; PR possam manifestar melhores resultados cl&#237;nicos por meio de ado&#231;&#227;o de comportamentos que conduzir&#227;o &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de IUPPR e outros STUI.</p>
        <p>Embora seja observada melhora progressiva da IUPPR e de outros STUI ao longo do tempo, para aqueles homens em que estes sintomas perduram, os impactos sociais, emocionais, f&#237;sicos e econ&#244;micos podem se tornar extremamente avassaladores e impactantes. Assim, por meio de uma op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica com o uso de estrat&#233;gias cognitivo-comportamentais<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>)</sup>, implementadas em tempo oportuno, as chances de retorno do controle miccional de forma integral e definitiva ser&#227;o maiores<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup>. Com isso, &#233; poss&#237;vel reduzir a chance de consequ&#234;ncias f&#237;sicas que podem impactar a vida dos sujeitos com IU<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup>, al&#233;m de reduzir o impacto econ&#244;mico tanto para pacientes quanto para servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de, com a consequente redu&#231;&#227;o da necessidade de medidas terap&#234;uticas mais complexas, invasivas e onerosas<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>)</sup>.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
          <p>Como limita&#231;&#227;o desta pesquisa, cita-se a restri&#231;&#227;o da generaliza&#231;&#227;o de seus resultados para contextos distintos. Essa interven&#231;&#227;o foi proposta em um contexto acad&#234;mico, no qual uma equipe de enfermeiras se dedicava exclusivamente &#224;s atividades propostas. Desta forma, sugere-se que, para uma reprodu&#231;&#227;o exitosa, &#233; necess&#225;rio um profissional qualificado e empenhado na atividade, al&#233;m de apoio da institui&#231;&#227;o onde o programa ser&#225; implementado. Ademais, por se tratar de um estudo com reduzido n&#250;mero de participantes, pode-se citar a restri&#231;&#227;o da generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados apresentados. Portanto, &#233; importante implementar a interven&#231;&#227;o em diferentes contextos e com quantitativo expressivo de participantes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Contribui&#231;&#245;es para as &#225;reas da enfermagem, sa&#250;de ou pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas</title>
          <p>A contribui&#231;&#227;o deste estudo para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica de enfermagem e &#225;reas afins se concentra em possibilitar uma proposta terap&#234;utica de baixo custo e exequ&#237;vel. Desta forma, espera-se que os resultados apresentados estimulem a realiza&#231;&#227;o de novos estudos com tamanho amostral expressivo para sustentar resultados de efetividade cl&#237;nica apresentados neste estudo.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONCLUS&#195;O</title>
        <p>O PCC estruturado em IE se mostrou efetivo para a redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da IU e dos STUI. A partir do programa proposto no presente estudo, maior suporte e motiva&#231;&#227;o foram propiciados por meio das estrat&#233;gias de persuas&#227;o social, <italic>feedback</italic> positivo e refor&#231;o vic&#225;rio. Desta forma, &#233; poss&#237;vel inferir que as estrat&#233;gias elencadas por meio da TSC contr&#237;bu&#237;ram para aumento da ades&#227;o a h&#225;bitos e comportamentos que auxiliaram no controle dos STUI ap&#243;s a PR, al&#233;m de propiciar maior confian&#231;a na rela&#231;&#227;o enfermeiro-paciente e, por conseguinte, aumento da ades&#227;o &#224;s IE propostas.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <title>MATERIAL SUPLEMENTAR</title>
          <p>Considerando as pr&#225;ticas de comunica&#231;&#227;o da ci&#234;ncia aberta, os dados encontram-se no reposit&#243;rio SciELO <italic>Data</italic> sob DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.WYJ9UX">https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.WYJ9UX</ext-link>.</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
