<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rev Bras Enferm</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">reben</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Bras. Enferm.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7167</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1984-0446</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Enfermagem</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">hHxtLt6D6ZSVtGwm6bKSZkC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0034-71672020000300503</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00503</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0879</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>EXPERIENCE REPORT</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Documentary analysis in the study of architectural designs of a hospital in the city of S&#227;o Paulo</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
          <trans-title>El an&#225;lisis documental en el estudio de proyectos arquitect&#243;nicos de un hospital de la ciudad de S&#227;o Paulo</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3764-8911</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Draganov</surname>
            <given-names>Patricia Bover</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5472-5408</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sanna</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>I</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>S&#227;o Paulo</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo. S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Patricia Bover Draganov. E-mail: <email>patricia.draganov@anhembi.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR IN CHIEF: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by" id="fn1">
          <p>ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Rafael Silva</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>73</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20180879</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>to report the experience of using architectural designs of a hospital for a historical documentary research.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>report of the experience of the methodological route of using architectural designs of a model hospital from 1974 to 2002.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>after being spread on a worksheet, the projects of interest were selected, enabling the data arrangement, where the analytical chart was applied, containing: context; authorship; authenticity/ reliability; nature of the text and preliminary analysis. The findings were grouped by pertinence and similarity, resulting in the construction of categories of analysis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Final Considerations:</title>
          <p>architectural design is a challenging source, both for its pursuit, since it took two and a half years until it was legally licensed, as well as for involving specific terminologies and symbology of its own. A special attention should be given to the selection criteria, organization and analysis of the document, and sharing the access of unusual sources with the health area, like this one, so as to stimulate the development of research.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
        <title>RESUMEN</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>informar la experiencia del uso de proyectos arquitect&#243;nicos de un hospital, en una investigaci&#243;n hist&#243;rica y documental.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>reporte de experiencia del recorrido metodol&#243;gico del uso de proyectos arquitect&#243;nicos de 1974 a 2002 de un hospital modelar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>despu&#233;s de insertar los proyectos en planillas, se seleccionaron los proyectos de inter&#233;s, creando un arreglo de datos en que se aplic&#243; la ficha anal&#237;tica que conten&#237;a: contexto; autor&#237;a; autenticidad/fiabilidad; naturaleza del texto y an&#225;lisis preliminar. Los hallazgos fueron agrupados por pertinencia y semejanza, resultando en la construcci&#243;n de categor&#237;as de an&#225;lisis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Consideraciones Finales:</title>
          <p>el proyecto arquitect&#243;nico es una fuente desafiante, tanto para su b&#250;squeda, ya que fueron necesarios dos a&#241;os y medio hasta que recibieron la licencia legal, como por involucrar terminolog&#237;as espec&#237;ficas y simbolog&#237;as propias. Se debe prestar atenci&#243;n a los criterios de selecci&#243;n, organizaci&#243;n y an&#225;lisis del documento y compartir el manejo de fuentes inusuales en el &#225;rea de la salud, como &#233;sta, a fin de favorecer el desarrollo de la investigaci&#243;n.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Descriptors:</title>
        <kwd>Nursing History</kwd>
        <kwd>Documents</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospital Architecture</kwd>
        <kwd>Evidence-Based Architectural Design</kwd>
        <kwd>Historiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
        <title>Descriptores:</title>
        <kwd>Historia de la Enfermer&#237;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Documentos</kwd>
        <kwd>Arquitectura y Construcci&#243;n de Hospitales</kwd>
        <kwd>Dise&#241;o de Instalaciones Basado en Evidencias</kwd>
        <kwd>Historiograf&#237;a</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
      <p>The aim of the historical research is to interpret the past and to subsidize the comprehension of the present. However, to make it possible, the documents used as sources must be well organized, interpreted and analyzed, according to the objectives of the investigation proposed. Therefore, the specific path of this research will have, as background, the methodological treatment of the documents pointed out.</p>
      <p>The documentary analysis, one of the techniques employed in the historical investigation, goes through stages that have the purpose of studying and understanding documents, so as to relate them to social, political and economic circumstances involving a certain fact. The document is the result of an assembly, conscious or unconscious, of the societies that produced it and also of the successive periods during which they continued to live. Documents are vestiges of the past, which can be historically analyzed, and which, deciphered, can become a historical source. Documents should be considered living structures and networks of action when approached from their historical, social, political and economic contexts<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Among the types of documents that lead to these interpretations, we highlight in this study the architectural projects of a reference hospital elaborated during the period from 1974 to 2002<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>)</sup>, when transformations occurred in the norms for construction and remodeling of health care establishments (EAS), which were applied in the modification of the hospital building in focus.</p>
      <p>The architectural design is defined as a research source capable of informing and putting into question disciplinary issues and others, related to society, economy, politics, types of real estate investment, culture and technique of a given period<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The dialectical relationship between documents, such as architectural designs, and the historical matter may favor the construction of analyzes, as well as the interweaving between the history of architecture and the social, political, economic and cultural histories and the ones related to other areas of knowledge. Thus, analyzing architectural production under various prisms, one can construct a complex and powerful historical reading, and launch new hypotheses, illuminating old sources of research and contributing to other interpretations of a given time<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Architecture as an activity is a multidisciplinary field that basically includes mathematics, natural sciences, arts, technology, social sciences, politics, history and philosophy, among others. Although it has its own and complex language, the EAS architecture had significant contributions from nurses<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Nurse Florence Nightingale, in the book Notes on Hospitals, from her observations on the pavilion plan system, laid the foundations and dimensions of what later became known as the &#8220;Nightingale Ward.&#8221; She used architectural designs of the time to compose guidelines for building and restoring nineteenth-century English hospitals, and this work was essential to reduce considerably the morbidity and mortality rates of the time. Today some of her prescriptions are still considered essential for building and renovating EAS<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The history of norms to build and renovate EAS in Brazil also had the relevant contribution of nurses, who participated actively in the transformations of these spaces. Moreover, the planning, programming, creating and evaluating EAS architectural designs are vital for the quality in health care assistance, since architecture, since the 18th century, is recognized as a therapeutic element<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The management of architectural projects of EAS is included in the work process &#8220;Administration in Nursing - the management of physical resources&#8221;. In this area, the competent and responsible role of the nurse requires technical and scientific knowledge, skills and attitudes in the areas of architecture, design, decoration, legislation and designation of the compartments, among others. Thus, the reading of architectural drawings is one of the skills nurses must develop in their professional practice<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>An article entitled &#8220;Hospital physical resources in Brazil: a bibliometric study&#8221;, published in the <italic>Revista Brasileira de Biblioteconomia e Documenta&#231;&#227;o</italic> (Brazilian Journal of Library and Information Science) in 2016, was developed to identify and describe the Brazilian scientific production in theses and dissertations, in the repositories of the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) and the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), on physical resources in hospital environments. The article proves the vigorous intersection of the architecture with the health sciences and concludes that studies on this subject, developed by nurses, are scarce and that the use of architectural designs in research on the history of nursing were not found<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Working with architectural designs is not an easy exercise, because it uses a specific language, belonging to a particular area - architecture. Disseminating the methodological framework of a study with this raw material seems quite suitable, as it may contribute to other research in this area and/or this type of material. In addition, the method elucidates the ability to observe, select and organize scientifically the paths that must be traveled so that a particular study may take place, enabling the researcher to see new horizons, just as we intend this text to be used.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>OBJECTIVES</title>
      <p>To report the experience of using hospital architectural designs for a historical-documentary research, aiming to share the experience with other researchers who also intend to use architectural designs of hospitals in documentary analysis studies.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>METHODS</title>
      <p>This is an experience report about the documentary analysis of architectural designs of a model hospital, part of the doctoral thesis entitled Evidence of Nursing power expressed in architectural designs of a reference model hospital in S&#227;o Paulo: <italic>1974-2002</italic>, whose temporal delimitation had 1974 as the initial milestone, the year of preparation of the first official publication of the Norms for the construction and installation of the General Hospital, and the final in 2002, with the latest version published of the Collegiate Board Resolution (<italic>Resolu&#231;&#227;o de Diretoria Colegiada</italic> - RDC) No. 50/2002.</p>
      <p>Respecting the ethical standards in research, this research&#8217;s project was submitted to analysis by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of <italic>Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</italic> (Unifesp), in compliance with the institution&#8217;s regulation, according to Resolution MS 112 / 2012. The project was approved on October 16, 2015. The license agreement to use image (architectural designs) was approved and signed by the model reference hospital in focus, on December 7, 2016. The Free and Clarified Consent Term (TCLE) was not used, because this research makes use of documents.</p>
      <p>The sources that could make this research feasible were listed after extensive discussions and studies. As a product of this process, we agreed that the historical documentation that represented the physical transformations occurred in EAS formalized by norms of federal scope that preceded RDC n&#186; 50/2012 and itself, besides the documents dealing with the physical transformations occurred in the reference model hospital studied, would be useful for the purpose of the research and, after this, the collection of documents began to be executed.</p>
      <p>For this article, it is relevant to report how the collection, organization and treatment of the architectural designs of the reference model hospital took place. The handling of the architectural designs will be described below.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Trajectory of the use of architectural designs in the nursing history research</title>
        <p>The architectural designs of a reference model hospital elaborated during the period from 1974 to 2002, when transformations occurred in the norms for the construction and renovation of EAS, were selected to compose the list of documents that, methodologically treated, gave subsidies to answer the thesis of a historical research that was based on this methodological route.</p>
        <p>In this perspective, it was important to contextualize the choice of the model hospital. Thus, the hospital selected for study had, in its history, the intersection with the transitional processes of the hospital architecture from pavilion to vertical. It is a century-old institution that went through the whole period of transformation of the norms for renovation and construction of EAS. The hospital also presents interesting and profound structural transformations, including service profile, assistance model, organizational structure, architecture, among others, justifying, therefore, that it is a reference model that will allow a view of the relations between the norm and its practical interpretation, that is, through this historical source it will be possible to produce the discussion in a real field and thus, how this interpretation really happened.</p>
        <p>The centennial reference model hospital is located in the municipality of S&#227;o Paulo and began its history in 1903, in a rented property on Brigadeiro Luiz Ant&#244;nio street. On November 10, 1904, its sponsor purchased the state with a total area of 15,783 m&#178; and 75 m&#178;, located at the start of Paulista Avenue and hired as the protagonist of the project the engineer Maximilian Hehl, also author of Catedral da S&#233; project. Changes and extensions happened in the history of this institution, that would come to have six interconnected buildings called blocks, which would be named by letters of the alphabet: A, B, C, D, E and F. Block C was constructed in 1934 , block B in 1949, block E in 1954, block D in 1963, block A in 1977 and block F in 2002. That year, the hospital had 350 beds, 11 operating rooms, nine beds for intensive care, five delivery rooms and a nursery for 100 beds<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Over the years, the reference model hospital had more buildings added, had its constructions adapted to each standard of construction and renovation of EAS, which was promulgated during the period studied, and kept all the collection of these transformations, that is, the architectural designs.</p>
        <p>The set of rules on renovation and construction of EAS constituted the first step of data collection of the doctoral thesis mentioned in the text of the method. The trajectory for localization, survey, certification and legal approval for the use of the architectural designs lasted about two and a half years.</p>
        <p>The search for the architectural drawings was made through telephone contact with the elected institution and visit to its historical museum, but the desired documents were not found at that time. On August 17, 2014, the documentation containing the research project and the letter explaining details of the study that would be carried out was sent to the institution for evaluation by its Ethics Committee. The process of requesting the documents was transferred to other instances and only in April 2015 a verbal authorization was granted for physical access to all the architectural drawings of the institution, namely digitized copies of floor plans, cuts, fa&#231;ades, implementation and details of architecture projects. On May 4, 2015, the electronic files related to the projects were assigned by the Engineering and Projects sector, which were, at the time, 1,407 drawings dated from 1906 to 2015.</p>
        <p>In September 2016, when the projects that would be used in this research were finally selected and gathered, a signed license document was required for the use of images and, at the time, the institution refused to grant the legal license. Some months of negotiation were necessary, and then, on December 7, 2016, the license agreement to use images was finally signed. From that moment on, the research continued, but another great challenge arose, the organization of these documents.</p>
        <p>In the first step, the drawings were spread in worksheets, organized by location, block, description, leaf number, date and pipe (where the physical project was kept). Thus, the designs of interest for the thesis were selected, using the selecting process of the software Microsoft Excel, creating a new arrangement of data, with a serial number for each document. For this purpose, only documents dated from 1974 to 2002 were selected, referring to architecture designs of wings and hospital units where care was provided by health professionals to patients who attended this service. Likewise, all administrative wing projects in which health professionals performed coordination activities of health services were considered. Thus, what guided this criterion of inclusion of the sectors with health professionals and exclusion from other facilities was precisely because it involved areas in which health professionals circulated exercising their functions, interacting among themselves and with clients/patients.</p>
        <p>In the second step, 14 architectural designs remained, which were used as a historical source for the preparation of a doctoral thesis.</p>
        <p>The worksheet was developed containing significant data for the study of the architectural designs, for example, the variables: location of the architectural design in the physical plant of the institution, the description of the type of design, the year of creation of the architectural design and the link to the drawing, which is in the file format &#8220;.jpeg&#8221;. Since it is an Excel program, it is possible to select the drawings and information using any of the variables above mentioned. The worksheet contains 18 kilobytes.</p>
        <p>Based on this organization of the data, the third step involved the comprehensive reading of these documents with the elaboration of analytical records containing: data related to the context in which the document was produced, which means, the social, political and economic universe of the author and of those, to whom it was destined, at the time when the document was produced; authorship, that is, the interests (confessed or not) of the document, its reasons and of those to whom they are addressed; the authenticity and reliability of the document, that is, to ensure the quality of the information transmitted through the data contained in the stamp, which is the space destined to identify the company and the person in charge of the project, customer and project identification, title of the drawing, scales, date, among others; the nature of the text and, finally, the preliminary analysis of the document, involving data referring to: denomination of space, measurements, compartment position, flows (accesses and location), sanitation conditions, facilities and private compartments. The analytical chart, prepared according to the sequence and format previously described, can be seen in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Analytical chart of architectural designs of the reference model hospital</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Source: Based on Cellard<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>)</sup>.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-73-03-e20180879-0879-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The careful reading of each document, that is, of each architectural design, was facilitated by analyzing the drawings in &#8220;areas of analysis&#8221;, called: architectural design, details of the compartments and stamp, as can be seen in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>. Thus, gradually, the relevant data of each project were extracted and systematically organized to compose the results of the thesis that originated this methodological route.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Example of information standard to be collected in the architectural designs of the reference model hospital.</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Source: Architectural design provided by the reference-model hospital, 2015.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-73-03-e20180879-0879-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>As the worksheets were created, they were also grouped by relevance and similarity, in the fourth step, resulting in the construction of categories of analysis for the presentation of the results. The findings will then be described and interpreted in the light of the scientific literature found on the subject.</p>
        <p>At the end of the work with this source, each catalographic record was connected to the respective architectural design, identified by a specific coding, as already explained, allowing the data set to be stored in a properly identified electronic file, being consolidated as the personal collection of the main researcher, with the purpose to be employed in future studies.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>CONCLUSIONS</title>
      <p>A historical-documentary research is a precious resource for the interpretation of a particular historical context, but requires skill and care in handling the historical source. The document should be carefully selected, organized and analyzed, so that the research achieves success.</p>
      <p>In this study, legally assigned architectural designs were used by means of a license to use the image by a reference model hospital, which met the criteria to participate in the study.</p>
      <p>This license document for image use included the session of the architectural designs of that institution, dated from 1974 to 2002, to be used in research studies.</p>
      <p>The documents collected were organized on a spreadsheet and the projects were digitalized and organized in alphanumeric order, allowing the selection of documents of interest for this study, complying with the criteria of the current research regarding the temporal delimitation and spaces of interest. The analytical phase of historical sources was facilitated by the development of an instrument that subsidized the construction of categories of results.</p>
      <p>As limitations, this study could not to cover all the possibilities of using architectural designs in historical studies in the nursing area. Nevertheless, it is an experience that can be replicated and receive contributions or give support to other researchers who work or intend to work with similar sources, so this is its contribution to the area.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>FUNDING</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (Capes).</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>REFERENCES</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Le Goff J. Hist&#243;ria e mem&#243;ria. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp; 2016.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Le Goff</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Hist&#243;ria e mem&#243;ria</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <publisher-loc>Campinas</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Editora da Unicamp</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Flick U. A reda&#231;&#227;o e o futuro da pesquisa qualitativa: arte ou m&#233;todo? In: Introdu&#231;&#227;o &#224; pesquisa qualitativa. 3&#172;a ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2009.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Flick</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>3&#172;a ed</source>
          <chapter-title>A reda&#231;&#227;o e o futuro da pesquisa qualitativa: arte ou m&#233;todo?</chapter-title>
          <year>2009</year>
          <publisher-loc>Porto Alegre</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Artmed</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Pastro C. Hospital Santa Catarina: 1906-2006. S&#227;o Paulo: Grafa; 2006.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pastro</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Hospital Santa Catarina: 1906-2006</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Grafa</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Silva JMC. Um acervo, uma cole&#231;&#227;o e tr&#234;s problemas: a Cole&#231;&#227;o Jacques Pilon da Biblioteca da FAUUSP. An Mus Paul. 2016;24(3):45-70. doi: 10.1590/1982-02672016v24n0302</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>JMC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Um acervo, uma cole&#231;&#227;o e tr&#234;s problemas a Cole&#231;&#227;o Jacques Pilon da Biblioteca da FAUUSP</article-title>
          <source>An Mus Paul</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>24</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>45</fpage>
          <lpage>70</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1982-02672016v24n0302</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Nightingale F. Notes on hospitals. 3rd ed. London: Savill &amp; Edwards; 2010.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nightingale</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Notes on hospitals</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <edition>3rd ed</edition>
          <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Savill &amp; Edwards</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Miquelin LC. Anatomia dos edif&#237;cios hospitalares. S&#227;o Paulo: CEDAS; 1992.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Miquelin</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Anatomia dos edif&#237;cios hospitalares</source>
          <year>1992</year>
          <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>CEDAS</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Draganov PB, Sanna MC. Architectural drawings from hospitals described in Florence Nightingale's "Notes on hospitals" book. Hist Enferm Rev Eletr&#244;nica [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Jun 10];8(2):94-105. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://here.abennacional.org.br/here/v8/n2/a04.pdf">http://here.abennacional.org.br/here/v8/n2/a04.pdf</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Draganov</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sanna</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <chapter-title>Architectural drawings from hospitals described in Florence Nightingale's "Notes on hospitals" book</chapter-title>
          <source>Hist Enferm Rev Eletr&#244;nica</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <year>2017</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2018 Jun 10</date-in-citation>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>94</fpage>
          <lpage>105</lpage>
          <comment>Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://here.abennacional.org.br/here/v8/n2/a04.pdf">http://here.abennacional.org.br/here/v8/n2/a04.pdf</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Foucault M. Microf&#237;sica do poder. 17&#170; ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal; 2012.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Foucault</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Microf&#237;sica do poder</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <edition>17&#170; ed</edition>
          <publisher-loc>Rio de Janeiro</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Graal</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 Sanna MC. The structure of knowledge in Nursing Administration. Rev Bras Enferm. 2007;60(3):336-8. doi: 10.1590/S0034-71672007000300017</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sanna</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The structure of knowledge in Nursing Administration</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Enferm</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>60</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>336</fpage>
          <lpage>338</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0034-71672007000300017</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Draganov PB, Vieira RQ, Sanna MC. Recursos f&#237;sicos em ambientes hospitalares no Brasil: um estudo bibliom&#233;trico. Rev Bras Bibliotecon Documen [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 July 11];12(1):89-109. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/view/424/489">https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/view/424/489</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Draganov</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vieira</surname>
              <given-names>RQ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sanna</surname>
              <given-names>MC.</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <chapter-title>Recursos f&#237;sicos em ambientes hospitalares no Brasil: um estudo bibliom&#233;trico</chapter-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Bibliotecon Documen</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <year>2016</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2018 July 11</date-in-citation>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>89</fpage>
          <lpage>109</lpage>
          <comment>Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/view/424/489">https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/view/424/489</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11 Cellard A. A an&#225;lise documental. In: Poupart J, Deslauriers JP, Groulx LH, Laperri&#232;re A, Mayer R, Pires A, organizadores. A pesquisa qualitativa: enfoques epistemol&#243;gicos e me-todol&#243;gicos. Petr&#243;polis: Vozes; 2008. p. 295-316.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cellard</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <chapter-title>A an&#225;lise documental</chapter-title>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Poupart</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deslauriers</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Groulx</surname>
              <given-names>LH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laperri&#232;re</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mayer</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pires</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>A pesquisa qualitativa: enfoques epistemol&#243;gicos e me-todol&#243;gicos</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <publisher-loc>Petr&#243;polis</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Vozes</publisher-name>
          <fpage>295</fpage>
          <lpage>316</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>RELATO DE EXPERI&#202;NCIA</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A an&#225;lise documental no estudo de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital paulistano</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3764-8911</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Draganov</surname>
            <given-names>Patricia Bover</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">I</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5472-5408</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sanna</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>I</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo. S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Autor Correspondente:</bold> Patricia Bover Draganov. E-mail: <email>patricia.draganov@anhembi.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR CHEFE: Antonio Jos&#233; de Almeida Filho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>EDITOR ASSOCIADO: Rafael Silva</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>relatar a experi&#234;ncia do uso de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital para uma pesquisa hist&#243;rico-documental.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>relato de experi&#234;ncia do percurso metodol&#243;gico do uso de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de 1974 a 2002 de um hospital modelar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>ap&#243;s planilhados, os projetos de interesse foram selecionados, criando um arranjo de dados em que foi aplicada a ficha anal&#237;tica contendo: contexto; autoria; autenticidade/confiabilidade; natureza do texto e an&#225;lise preliminar. Os achados foram agrupados por pertin&#234;ncia e similaridade, resultando na constru&#231;&#227;o de categorias de an&#225;lise.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es Finais:</title>
          <p>o projeto arquitet&#244;nico &#233; uma fonte desafiadora, tanto em sua busca, visto que foram necess&#225;rios dois anos e meio at&#233; que fossem licenciados legalmente, como por envolver terminologias espec&#237;ficas e simbologias pr&#243;prias. Deve-se ter aten&#231;&#227;o aos crit&#233;rios de sele&#231;&#227;o, &#224; organiza&#231;&#227;o e &#224; an&#225;lise do documento, e compartilhar o manejo de fontes incomuns na &#225;rea da sa&#250;de, como esta, a fim de favorecer o desenvolvimento da pesquisa.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Descritores:</title>
        <kwd>Hist&#243;ria da Enfermagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Documentos</kwd>
        <kwd>Arquitetura Hospitalar</kwd>
        <kwd>Projeto Arquitet&#244;nico Baseado em Evid&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Historiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</title>
        <p>A pesquisa hist&#243;rica se presta a interpretar o passado e subsidia a compreens&#227;o do presente, mas, para que isso seja poss&#237;vel, os documentos usados como fonte precisam ser bem organizados, interpretados e analisados, sob o prisma dos objetivos da investiga&#231;&#227;o proposta. Portanto, o percurso espec&#237;fico desta pesquisa ter&#225; como pano de fundo o tratamento metodol&#243;gico de documentos destacados.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise documental, uma das t&#233;cnicas empregadas na investiga&#231;&#227;o hist&#243;rica, percorre etapas que t&#234;m, como prop&#243;sito, estudar e compreender documentos de forma a relacion&#225;-los com circunst&#226;ncias sociais, pol&#237;ticas e econ&#244;micas que envolveram determinado fato. O documento &#233; o resultado de uma montagem, consciente ou inconsciente, das sociedades que o produziram e tamb&#233;m das &#233;pocas sucessivas durante as quais continuou a viver. Documentos s&#227;o vest&#237;gios do passado, pass&#237;veis de an&#225;lise hist&#243;rica que, decifrados, podem transformar-se em uma fonte hist&#243;rica. Documentos devem ser considerados estruturas vivas e redes de a&#231;&#227;o quando aproximados de seus contextos hist&#243;rico, social, pol&#237;tico e econ&#244;mico<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Dentre os tipos de documentos que se prestam a essas interpreta&#231;&#245;es, destacam-se, neste estudo, os projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia elaborados durante o per&#237;odo de 1974 a 2002<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>)</sup>, quando ocorreram transforma&#231;&#245;es nas normas para constru&#231;&#227;o e reforma de estabelecimentos assistenciais de sa&#250;de (EAS), que foram aplicadas na modifica&#231;&#227;o do edif&#237;cio hospitalar em foco.</p>
        <p>O projeto de arquitetura &#233; definido como uma fonte de pesquisa capaz de informar e problematizar quest&#245;es disciplinares e outras relativas &#224; sociedade, &#224; economia, &#224; pol&#237;tica, aos tipos de investimento imobili&#225;rio, &#224; cultura e &#224; t&#233;cnica de um determinado per&#237;odo<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A rela&#231;&#227;o dial&#233;tica entre os documentos, tais como projetos arquitet&#244;nicos, e a problem&#225;tica hist&#243;rica pode favorecer a constru&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lises, assim como o entrela&#231;amento entre a hist&#243;ria da arquitetura com as hist&#243;rias social, pol&#237;tica, econ&#244;mica, cultural e relativas a outras &#225;reas do conhecimento. Assim, analisando a produ&#231;&#227;o arquitet&#244;nica sob v&#225;rios prismas, pode-se construir uma leitura hist&#243;rica complexa e potente, e lan&#231;ar novas hip&#243;teses, iluminando velhas fontes de pesquisa e contribuindo para outras interpreta&#231;&#245;es de determinada &#233;poca<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A arquitetura enquanto atividade &#233; um campo multidisciplinar que inclui, em sua base, a matem&#225;tica, as ci&#234;ncias da natureza, as artes, a tecnologia, as ci&#234;ncias sociais, a pol&#237;tica, a hist&#243;ria e a filosofia, entre outros. Embora tenha linguagem pr&#243;pria e complexa, a arquitetura de EAS teve contribui&#231;&#245;es expressivas de enfermeiros<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A enfermeira Florence Nightingale, no livro Notas sobre hospitais, a partir de suas observa&#231;&#245;es sobre o sistema pavilhonar, estabeleceu as bases e dimens&#245;es do que ficou posteriormente conhecido como &#8220;enfermaria Nightingale&#8221;. Ela utilizou projetos arquitet&#244;nicos da &#233;poca para compor diretrizes para construir e reformar hospitais ingleses do s&#233;culo XIX, e esse trabalho foi fundamental para diminuir consideravelmente os &#237;ndices de morbidade e mortalidade da &#233;poca. Ainda hoje algumas de suas prescri&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o essenciais para a constru&#231;&#227;o e reforma de EAS<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A hist&#243;ria de normas para construir e reformar EAS no Brasil tamb&#233;m contou com a relevante contribui&#231;&#227;o de enfermeiros, que participaram ativamente das transforma&#231;&#245;es desses espa&#231;os. Al&#233;m disso, o planejamento, a programa&#231;&#227;o, a elabora&#231;&#227;o e a avalia&#231;&#227;o de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de EAS s&#227;o primordiais para a presta&#231;&#227;o de assist&#234;ncia de sa&#250;de de qualidade, visto que a arquitetura, desde o s&#233;culo XVIII, &#233; reconhecida como um elemento terap&#234;utico<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>O manejo de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de EAS est&#225; incluso no processo de trabalho &#8220;Administrar em Enfermagem - a gest&#227;o de recursos f&#237;sicos&#8221;. Nessa &#225;rea, a atua&#231;&#227;o competente e respons&#225;vel do enfermeiro requer conhecimento t&#233;cnico e cient&#237;fico, habilidades e atitudes nas &#225;reas de arquitetura, projeto, decora&#231;&#227;o, legisla&#231;&#227;o e denomina&#231;&#227;o dos compartimentos, entre outros. Assim, a leitura de desenhos arquitet&#244;nicos &#233; uma das habilidades que o enfermeiro deve desenvolver no exerc&#237;cio de sua profiss&#227;o<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Um artigo denominado &#8220;Recursos f&#237;sicos hospitalares no Brasil: um estudo bibliom&#233;trico&#8221;, publicado na Revista Brasileira de Biblioteconomia e Documenta&#231;&#227;o, em 2016, foi desenvolvido para identificar e descrever a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica brasileira em teses e disserta&#231;&#245;es, nos reposit&#243;rios da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (Capes) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Informa&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologia (IBICT), sobre recursos f&#237;sicos em ambientes hospitalares. O artigo comprova a intersec&#231;&#227;o vigorosa da arquitetura com as ci&#234;ncias da sa&#250;de e conclui que estudos sobre essa tem&#225;tica, desenvolvidos por enfermeiros, s&#227;o escassos e que o uso de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos em pesquisas sobre hist&#243;ria da enfermagem n&#227;o foram localizados<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Trabalhar com projetos arquitet&#244;nicos n&#227;o &#233; exerc&#237;cio f&#225;cil, pois trata-se de linguagem espec&#237;fica, pr&#243;pria de determinada &#225;rea - a arquitetura. Divulgar o arcabou&#231;o metodol&#243;gico de um estudo com essa mat&#233;ria-prima parece bastante oportuno, pois poder&#225; contribuir com outras pesquisas nessa &#225;rea e/ou com esse tipo de material. Al&#233;m disso, o m&#233;todo elucida a capacidade de observar, selecionar e organizar cientificamente os caminhos que devem ser percorridos para que determinado estudo se concretize, contribuindo para que o pesquisador possa vislumbrar novos horizontes, como se pretende que este texto possa ser utilizado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>OBJETIVOS</title>
        <p>Relatar a experi&#234;ncia do uso de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital para uma pesquisa hist&#243;rico-documental, com vistas ao compartilhamento da experi&#234;ncia com outros pesquisadores que tamb&#233;m pretendam usar projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de hospitais em pesquisas de an&#225;lise documental.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#201;TODOS</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um relato de experi&#234;ncia sobre a an&#225;lise documental de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital modelar, parte da tese de doutorado intitulada Evid&#234;ncias de poder da Enfermagem expressas em projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital paulistano modelo refer&#234;ncia: 1974-2002, cujo recorte temporal teve 1974 como marco inicial, o ano de elabora&#231;&#227;o da primeira publica&#231;&#227;o oficial Normas de constru&#231;&#227;o e instala&#231;&#227;o do Hospital Geral, e final em 2002, com a &#250;ltima vers&#227;o publicada da Resolu&#231;&#227;o de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) n&#186; 50/2002.</p>
        <p>Respeitando-se os padr&#245;es &#233;ticos em pesquisa, o projeto desta investiga&#231;&#227;o foi submetido a an&#225;lise do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa (CEP) da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (Unifesp), atendendo &#224; norma da institui&#231;&#227;o, em conson&#226;ncia com a Resolu&#231;&#227;o MS n&#186; 112/2012. O projeto foi aprovado em 16 de outubro de 2015. O contrato de licen&#231;a de uso de imagem (projetos arquitet&#244;nicos) foi aprovado e assinado pelo hospital modelo-refer&#234;ncia em foco, em 7 de dezembro de 2016. N&#227;o se utilizou Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), pois trata-se de pesquisa com documentos.</p>
        <p>As fontes que poderiam tornar esta pesquisa vi&#225;vel foram listadas ap&#243;s extensas discuss&#245;es e estudos. Como produto desse processo, acordou-se que a documenta&#231;&#227;o hist&#243;rica que representasse as transforma&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas ocorridas em EAS formalizadas pelas normas de &#226;mbito federal que antecederam a RDC n&#186; 50/2012 e ela pr&#243;pria, al&#233;m dos documentos que tratassem das transforma&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas ocorridas no hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia em estudo, seriam &#250;teis ao prop&#243;sito da pesquisa e, a partir disso, a coleta de documentos come&#231;ou a se processar.</p>
        <p>Para este artigo, interessa relatar como se deu a coleta, organiza&#231;&#227;o e tratamento dos projetos arquitet&#244;nicos do hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia. O manejo dos projetos arquitet&#244;nicos ser&#225; descrito a seguir.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Trajet&#243;ria do uso de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos na pesquisa em hist&#243;ria da enfermagem</title>
          <p>Os projetos arquitet&#244;nicos de um hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia elaborados durante o per&#237;odo de 1974 a 2002, quando ocorreram transforma&#231;&#245;es nas normas para a constru&#231;&#227;o e reforma de EAS, foram selecionados para compor o rol de documentos que, tratados metodologicamente, deram subs&#237;dios para responder a tese de uma pesquisa hist&#243;rica que se fundamentou nesse percurso metodol&#243;gico.</p>
          <p>Nessa perspectiva, foi importante contextualizar a escolha do hospital modelar. Assim, o hospital selecionado para estudo teve, em sua hist&#243;ria, a intersec&#231;&#227;o com os processos transicionais da arquitetura hospitalar de pavilhonar para vertical, &#233; uma institui&#231;&#227;o centen&#225;ria que atravessou todo o per&#237;odo de transforma&#231;&#227;o das normas para reforma e constru&#231;&#227;o de EAS. O hospital apresenta, tamb&#233;m, transforma&#231;&#245;es estruturais interessantes e profundas, incluindo perfil de atendimento, modelo de assist&#234;ncia, estrutura organizacional, arquitetura, entre outras, justificando, assim, que se trata de um modelo refer&#234;ncia que permitir&#225; vislumbrar as rela&#231;&#245;es entre a norma e sua interpreta&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica, ou seja, por meio dessa fonte hist&#243;rica ser&#225; poss&#237;vel produzir a discuss&#227;o em campo real e, assim, como de fato essa interpreta&#231;&#227;o aconteceu.</p>
          <p>O hospital centen&#225;rio modelo refer&#234;ncia localiza-se no munic&#237;pio de S&#227;o Paulo e iniciou sua hist&#243;ria em 1903, em um im&#243;vel alugado na rua Brigadeiro Luiz Ant&#244;nio. Em 10 de novembro de 1904, a sua mantenedora efetuou a compra do terreno com &#225;rea total de 15.783 m&#178; e 75 m&#178;, situado na nascente da avenida Paulista e contratou, como protagonista do projeto, o engenheiro Maximilian Hehl, tamb&#233;m autor do projeto da Catedral da S&#233;. Mudan&#231;as e amplia&#231;&#245;es se sucederam na hist&#243;ria dessa institui&#231;&#227;o, que viria a ter seis edifica&#231;&#245;es interligadas denominadas blocos, que seriam nomeadas por letras do alfabeto: A, B, C, D, E e F. O bloco C foi constru&#237;do em 1934, o bloco B em 1949, o bloco E em 1954, o bloco D em 1963, o bloco A em 1977 e o bloco F em 2002. Nesse ano, o hospital comportava 350 leitos, 11 salas cir&#250;rgicas, nove leitos de terapia intensiva, cinco salas de parto e um ber&#231;&#225;rio para 100 leitos<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
          <p>O hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia agregou constru&#231;&#245;es ao longo dos anos, adequou suas constru&#231;&#245;es a cada norma de constru&#231;&#227;o e reforma de EAS, que foi promulgada durante o per&#237;odo estudado, e guardou todo o acervo dessas transforma&#231;&#245;es, ou seja, os projetos arquitet&#244;nicos.</p>
          <p>O elenco de normas sobre reforma e constru&#231;&#227;o de EAS constituiu a primeira etapa de coleta de dados da tese de doutorado referida no texto do m&#233;todo. A trajet&#243;ria para localiza&#231;&#227;o, levantamento, certifica&#231;&#227;o e aprova&#231;&#227;o legal para uso dos projetos arquitet&#244;nicos durou cerca de dois anos e meio.</p>
          <p>A busca dos desenhos arquitet&#244;nicos deu-se por meio de contato telef&#244;nico com a institui&#231;&#227;o eleita e visita ao seu museu hist&#243;rico, mas os documentos desejados n&#227;o foram localizados nessa ocasi&#227;o. No dia 17 de agosto de 2014, a documenta&#231;&#227;o, contendo o projeto de pesquisa e a carta explicando detalhes sobre o estudo que viria a ser efetuado foi enviada para a institui&#231;&#227;o para avalia&#231;&#227;o do seu Comit&#234; de &#201;tica. O processo de solicita&#231;&#227;o dos documentos foi transferido para outras inst&#226;ncias e somente em abril de 2015 deu-se autoriza&#231;&#227;o verbal para acesso f&#237;sico a todos os desenhos arquitet&#244;nicos da institui&#231;&#227;o, a saber, c&#243;pias digitalizadas de plantas baixas, cortes, fachadas, implanta&#231;&#227;o e detalhes de projetos de arquitetura. Em 4 de maio de 2015, os arquivos eletr&#244;nicos referentes aos projetos foram cedidos pelo setor de Engenharia e Projetos, na ocasi&#227;o, 1.407 desenhos datados de 1906 a 2015.</p>
          <p>Em setembro de 2016, quando os projetos que seriam utilizados nessa pesquisa foram finalmente selecionados e reunidos, foi solicitada assinatura de documento de licen&#231;a para uso de imagens e, nessa ocasi&#227;o, a institui&#231;&#227;o recusou ceder a licen&#231;a legal. Alguns meses de negocia&#231;&#227;o foram necess&#225;rios, e ent&#227;o, em 7 de dezembro de 2016. finalmente o contrato de licen&#231;a para uso de imagens foi assinado. A partir desse momento, a pesquisa foi continuada surgindo outro grande desafio, o da organiza&#231;&#227;o desses documentos.</p>
          <p>Na primeira etapa, os desenhos foram ent&#227;o planilhados, organizados por localiza&#231;&#227;o, bloco, descri&#231;&#227;o, n&#250;mero da folha, data e tubo (local onde estava guardado o projeto f&#237;sico). Assim, os desenhos de interesse para a tese foram selecionados, utilizando-se o processo de sele&#231;&#227;o do programa Microsoft Excel, criando um novo arranjo de dados, utilizando-se um n&#250;mero de s&#233;rie para cada documento. Foram selecionados, para isso, apenas os documentos datados de 1974 a 2002, referentes a projetos de arquitetura de alas e unidades hospitalares em que os cuidados eram prestados por profissionais de sa&#250;de a pacientes que frequentavam esse servi&#231;o. Tamb&#233;m foram considerados todos os projetos de alas administrativas em que profissionais de sa&#250;de desempenhavam atividades de coordena&#231;&#227;o dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de. Dessa forma, o que norteou esse crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o dos setores com profissionais de sa&#250;de e exclus&#227;o das demais instala&#231;&#245;es foi justamente por envolver &#225;reas em que profissionais da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de circulavam exercendo suas fun&#231;&#245;es laborais, interagindo entre si e com os clientes/pacientes.</p>
          <p>Assim, na segunda etapa, restaram 14 projetos arquitet&#244;nicos, que foram utilizados como fonte hist&#243;rica para a confec&#231;&#227;o de tese de doutorado.</p>
          <p>A planilha foi desenvolvida contendo dados significativos para o estudo dos projetos arquitet&#244;nicos, ou seja, as vari&#225;veis: localiza&#231;&#227;o do projeto arquitet&#244;nico na planta f&#237;sica na institui&#231;&#227;o, a descri&#231;&#227;o quanto ao tipo de projeto, o ano de confec&#231;&#227;o do projeto arquitet&#244;nico e o link para o desenho, que est&#225; em formato de arquivo &#8220;.jpeg&#8221;. Como trata-se de programa Excel, &#233; poss&#237;vel selecionar os desenhos e informa&#231;&#245;es utilizando qualquer uma das vari&#225;veis acima citadas. A planilha cont&#233;m 18 <italic>kilobytes</italic>.</p>
          <p>A partir dessa organiza&#231;&#227;o dos dados, a terceira etapa envolveu a leitura compreensiva desses documentos com a elabora&#231;&#227;o de fichas anal&#237;ticas contendo: dados relativos ao contexto no qual foi produzido o documento, ou seja, o universo social, pol&#237;tico e econ&#244;mico do autor e daqueles a quem foi destinado, na &#233;poca em que o documento foi produzido; autoria, ou seja, os interesses (confessos, ou n&#227;o) do documento, suas raz&#245;es e as daqueles a quem eles se dirigem; a autenticidade e a confiabilidade do documento, ou seja, assegurar-se da qualidade da informa&#231;&#227;o transmitida por meio dos dados contidos no carimbo, que &#233; o espa&#231;o destinado &#224; identifica&#231;&#227;o da empresa e do respons&#225;vel pelo projeto, identifica&#231;&#227;o do cliente e do projeto, t&#237;tulo do desenho, escalas, data, entre outras; a natureza do texto e, finalmente, a an&#225;lise preliminar do documento, envolvendo dados referente a: denomina&#231;&#227;o do espa&#231;o, metragens, posi&#231;&#227;o do compartimento, fluxos (acessos e localiza&#231;&#227;o), condi&#231;&#245;es de salubridade, instala&#231;&#245;es e compartimentos privativos. A ficha anal&#237;tica, elaborada conforme sequ&#234;ncia e formato descritos anteriormente, pode ser apreciada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Ficha anal&#237;tica de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos do hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia</title>
              </caption>
              <attrib>Fonte: Baseado em Cellard<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>)</sup>.</attrib>
              <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-73-03-e20180879-0879-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>A leitura minuciosa de cada documento, ou seja, de cada projeto arquitet&#244;nico, foi facilitada a partir do esquadrinhamento dos desenhos em &#8220;&#225;reas de an&#225;lise&#8221;, denominadas: projeto arquitet&#244;nico, detalhes dos compartimentos e carimbo, como pode ser apreciado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>. Assim, gradativamente, os dados relevantes de cada projeto foram extra&#237;dos e sistematicamente organizados para compor os resultados da tese que deu origem a esse percurso metodol&#243;gico.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Exemplo de padr&#227;o de informa&#231;&#245;es a serem colhidas nos projetos arquitet&#244;nicos do hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia.</title>
              </caption>
              <attrib>Fonte: Projeto arquitet&#244;nico cedido pelo hospital modelo-refer&#234;ncia, 2015.</attrib>
              <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-73-03-e20180879-0879-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>&#192; medida que as fichas eram confeccionadas, eram tamb&#233;m agrupadas por pertin&#234;ncia e similaridade, na quarta etapa, resultando na constru&#231;&#227;o de categorias de an&#225;lise para apresenta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados. Os achados ser&#227;o, ent&#227;o, descritos e interpretados &#224; luz da literatura cient&#237;fica encontrada sobre o tema.</p>
          <p>Ao t&#233;rmino do trabalho com essa fonte, cada ficha catalogr&#225;fica foi conectada ao respectivo projeto arquitet&#244;nico, identificado por codifica&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica, como j&#225; explicado, permitindo que o conjunto de dados fosse armazenado em arquivo eletr&#244;nico devidamente identificado, consolidando-se como acervo pessoal da pesquisadora principal, a fim de ser empregado em estudo<italic>s</italic> futuros.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONCLUS&#213;ES</title>
        <p>A pesquisa hist&#243;rica-documental &#233; um recurso precioso para a interpreta&#231;&#227;o de um determinado contexto hist&#243;rico, mas requer habilidade e cuidado com o manejo da fonte hist&#243;rica. O documento deve ser criteriosamente selecionado, organizado e analisado, para que ocorra o sucesso da pesquisa.</p>
        <p>Neste estudo, utilizou-se projetos arquitet&#244;nicos cedidos legalmente por meio de um termo licen&#231;a de uso de imagem por um hospital modelo refer&#234;ncia, que atendia aos crit&#233;rios para participar do estudo.</p>
        <p>Esse documento de licen&#231;a de uso de imagem inclu&#237;a a sess&#227;o dos projetos arquitet&#244;nicos da referida institui&#231;&#227;o, datados de 1974 a 2002, para uso em pesquisas.</p>
        <p>Os documentos coletados foram organizados em planilha e os projetos digitalizados e organizados alfanumericamente, permitindo a sele&#231;&#227;o de documentos de interesse para esse estudo contemplando os crit&#233;rios da atual pesquisa quanto ao recorte temporal e espa&#231;os de interesse. A fase anal&#237;tica das fontes hist&#243;ricas foi facilitada pelo desenvolvimento de instrumento que subsidiou a constru&#231;&#227;o de categorias de resultados.</p>
        <p>Como limita&#231;&#245;es, o estudo em curso n&#227;o teria como contemplar todas as possibilidades de uso de projetos arquitet&#244;nicos em estudos hist&#243;ricos na &#225;rea de enfermagem, mas &#233; uma experi&#234;ncia que pode ser replicada e receber contribui&#231;&#245;es ou dar embasamento para outros pesquisadores que trabalham ou pretendem trabalhar com fontes similares, sendo essa a contribui&#231;&#227;o para a &#225;rea.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>FOMENTO</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (Capes).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
