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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rev Bras Enferm</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">reben</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Bras. Enferm.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7167</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1984-0446</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Enfermagem</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">GZ9xDNvrHZNL3XjScnXHWmD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0034-71672018001001799</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0382</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>EXPERIENCE REPORT</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Nursing students in the community: entrepreneurial strategy and proponent of changes</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
          <trans-title>Acad&#233;micos de enfermer&#237;a en la comunidad: estrategia emprendedora y proponente de cambios</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Backes</surname>
            <given-names>Dirce Stein</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Haag</surname>
            <given-names>Beth&#226;nia Kraemer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
            <given-names>Janine</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dalcin</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Biazus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Backes</surname>
            <given-names>Marli Terezinha Stein</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lomba</surname>
            <given-names>Lurdes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">III</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio Franciscano</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Santa Maria</city>
          <state>Rio Grande do Sul</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio Franciscano. Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>Santa Catarina</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florian&#243;polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>III</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Coimbra</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal.</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Camila Biazus Dalcin</bold> E-mail: <email>camilabiazus@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>71</volume>
      <issue>suppl 4</issue>
      <fpage>1799</fpage>
      <lpage>1804</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To report the insertion of the nursing students of the Franciscan University Center in the community through the project Adopting a Family, contributing to critical thinking within the Nursing academic production and its articulation to collective health.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>In the professors&#8217; evaluation, the activity represented an effective articulation and insertion of the university in the community; for the students, it allowed for spaces of construction, deconstruction and negotiation with the unknown and the uncertain; for the families, it enabled the feeling of being remembered and valued as human beings and citizens. Through the experiences had, the transformation of health practices goes through the emergence and valuation of new knowledge.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Final considerations:</title>
          <p>The insertion of the university in the community is constituted by an entrepreneurial strategy that is proponent of changes, due to its more effective and resolute outreach of health issues proposed by the national health system.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
        <title>RESUMEN</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>relatar la inserci&#243;n comunitaria de los acad&#233;micos de enfermer&#237;a del Centro Universitario Franciscano, a trav&#233;s del proyecto <italic>Adotando uma fam&#237;lia</italic>, y contribuir a la reflexi&#243;n cr&#237;tica en el &#225;mbito de la producci&#243;n acad&#233;mica y su articulaci&#243;n con la salud colectiva.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>en la evaluaci&#243;n de los docentes, la actividad represent&#243; una efectiva articulaci&#243;n e inserci&#243;n de la universidad en la comunidad; para los acad&#233;micos, posibilit&#243; espacios de construcci&#243;n, deconstrucci&#243;n y negociaci&#243;n con lo desconocido y lo incierto; y para las familias, el sentimiento de haber sido recordadas y valoradas como seres humanos y ciudadanos. La transformaci&#243;n de las pr&#225;cticas de salud pasa, a partir de lo vivido, por la emergencia y valorizaci&#243;n de nuevos saberes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Consideraciones finales:</title>
          <p>la inserci&#243;n de la universidad en la comunidad se constituye, por lo tanto, en una estrategia emprendedora y proponente de cambios, por el alcance m&#225;s efectivo y resolutivo de las cuestiones propuestas por el sistema de salud nacional.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Descriptors:</title>
        <kwd>Nursing Formation</kwd>
        <kwd>Nursing Practice</kwd>
        <kwd>Nursing</kwd>
        <kwd>Education</kwd>
        <kwd>Community-Institution Relations</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
        <title>Descriptores:</title>
        <kwd>Educaci&#243;n en Enfermer&#237;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Enfermer&#237;a Pr&#225;ctica</kwd>
        <kwd>Enfermer&#237;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Educaci&#243;n</kwd>
        <kwd>Relaciones Comunidad-Instituci&#243;n</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>National Council for Scientific and Technological Development</funding-source>
          <award-id>302103/2017-1</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
      <p>The insertion of the university in the community, systematized by inter and multiprofessional actions, constitutes one of the foundations of the Institutional Pedagogical Project of the Franciscan University Center (Unifra). The materialization of this proposal occurs through the development of the basic functions of the institution (teaching, research and extension), permeated and sustained by a concrete diagnosis of social reality<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>The idea of &#8220;insertion of the university in the community&#8221; was wisely discussed by Cristovam Buarque in a remarkable text entitled &#8220;Uma id&#233;ia de Universidade&#8221;, in which the author sought to articulate the elitist tradition of the university with the depth of his social commitment. For Buarque, university policies must combine the maximum of academic quality with the maximum of social commitment. The author states that this quality is a condition of product valuation that emerges from the university; however, what will lead to the effective use of this academic-borne product is its extensive social commitment, namely, its anti-elitist condition<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Based on these premises, Unifra opted for a prospective institutional politics of perception and analysis of trends in society, motivated by collaborative and proximity attitudes between what the institution does and what society expects of it. Such an attitude has three main theoretical foundations: systemic thinking, integral human formation, and community insertion, which legitimizes the prerogative of conceiving the subject/user within their context, as an inextricable part of a network of systemic interactions and relations.</p>
      <p>Given the uncertainty and the volatility of social phenomena, the need to train professionals with integral, global and systemic vision emerges in an ever-increasing manner. A formation that is contextualized, able to develop critical spirit, creativity, willingness for innovation, positive, proactive and negotiator attitudes, that is, the ability of learning to know, to do, to coexist and to be<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>To do that, it is essential that formative processes that articulate professional formation with the needs and demands of society as a strategy for economic, social and cultural development be developed<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>. Consequently, this articulation must occur since graduation or technical education and until the inclusion of the professionals into work, through permanent education.</p>
      <p>Despite the many challenges to be faced, huge advances can be seen in the health scenario, mainly those related to the consolidation of SUS. Going this direction, the National Policy of Humanization on Caring and Management from SUS (PNH) is understood as a path favorable to the expansion of access to quality health services and products, the co-responsibility among workers, managers and users in management and care processes, of supporting the construction of collaborative networks among various industries engaged to health production, and emancipation of the subject as the protagonist of his own history. Hence, this initiative has resulted in more dialogic, participatory and integrative management and caring processes of various subjects and sectors committed to the health phenomenon<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>OBJECTIVE</title>
      <p>To report the experience of insertion of the Franciscan University Center in the community through the project Adopting a Family, contributing to critical thinking within the Nursing academic education and their articulation to collective health, based on the aforementioned and considering the importance of the institutional support of the university in the process of consolidation of SUS.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>METHOD</title>
      <p>This experience report is related to the project Adopting a Family, which aims to articulate theory to the daily practice of families in situation of social, environmental and socio-economic vulnerability, the process being conducted through the action-research method. The project occurs twice a year since the first half of 2009.</p>
      <p>To this end, third semester nursing students were organized into teams of four components and encouraged to articulate a nursing theory with the everyday reality of a family. All the students were studying the discipline of Nursing Theories in order to perform the activity, having guidance of a professor who taught classes in that semester and who they already knew. The families were residing in a macro-region of the municipality of Santa Maria (RS), Brazil, wherein Unifra built and maintains a relation of community insertion by means of interdisciplinary practices in health care.</p>
      <p>These families were specifically chosen by the Family Health Strategy team (ESF), according to previously established criteria and priorities. Among these priorities were families with history of drug addiction, family violence, child prostitution, chronic diseases and mental disorders. The families, in its majority, were composed of six to eight members, couples (sometimes separated) that kept their livelihood through selective garbage collection, with supplementary income from the Bolsa Fam&#237;lia program, an initiative of the country&#8217;s government. It should be noted that, to this end, the nursing students were properly informed and instructed on the conditions of the families, as well as oriented about the theoretical-practical process that would be the basis of the formation of the bond.</p>
      <p>With the objectives of promoting the bond between academic/professional and user, and incite sensitivity, solidarity and exercise of citizenship, this academic activity was developed by means of periodic visits to the families. Each visit was oriented by a systematized theoretical-practical process, which will be detailed below. The visits, with duration of up to two hours, were performed in groups by means of public transportation. On these occasions, each supervisor accompanied its respective team of nursing students. It should be noted that, as the activity advanced, several teams visited their &#8220;families&#8221; in days other than the ones scheduled, motivated by the illness of some family members or at their requests. Such visits, however, were conducted without the presence of supervisors and were not part of the disciplinary activity proposed. In certain times, more specifically in days of intense rain, cold or in holidays, there were students that, sensitized, invited their own family for a visit to the &#8220;adopted family&#8221;.</p>
      <p>The theoretical-practical activity, aside from being based in a nursing theory, was supported by methodological strategies, such as: effective and affective interaction with the family; creation of bonds of trust; and participatory and collective construction from all involved, in order to emancipate the family by strengthening their ability of being protagonists of their own story. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> shows the structure of the process of the project activities.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Systematization of the theoretical-practical process of project activities from Adopting a Family as performed by Nursing students</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-71-suppl4-1799-0382-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The theoretical-practical activity always has the duration of one academic semester, and there have been twelve editions so far, encompassing about a hundred families. With each edition, twelve to fifteen visits were made on average. As an outcome of each semester, there was a moment of fraternization at the local community center, including professors, students, families involved, the ESF team, and community leaders. At that moment, each group of nursing students, along with their guiding professor and the family adopted, were motivated to report the experiences of the semester, which, in most cases, led to feelings of empathy, sensitivity and bond between those involved.</p>
      <p>The process was developed and evaluated in the course of the twelve semesters the project occurred by means of monitoring and guidance of students by professors in respect to the visits, through the experience reports in the classroom and in the moments of final integration, based on the families&#8217; reports. It is worth mentioning that the statements present in this study are from families from 2008 until 2014, and that the project is still ongoing, due to its impact in the community, where Unifra has been expanding its activities alongside the ESF.</p>
      <p>The ethical aspects of the study were observed in accordance with the recommendations of the resolution No. 196/96 of the National Health Council, which prescribes the ethics in research with human beings in Brazil. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Unifra.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>REPORTING THE EXPERIENCES OF FAMILIES, NURSING STUDENTS AND PROFESSORS</title>
      <p>The guiding and motivating element of this study was characterized by visits of nursing students and professors to families selected by the project, as a technology for the care, teaching and research<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>)</sup>. In daily life, students and professors found themselves with real and, at the same time, contradictory, antagonistic and uncertain situations. These situations were shown to be relevant as experiences crossed over by the process of only visualizing community health contexts in media or books. It was noticed that this enabled the preparation for real situations that future nurses may face in their professional history. Cultural differences, clash of values, and insecurity in the face of the new enabled, aside from contact and dialogue with the concrete reality of the subjects in vulnerable situations, to rethink values and knowledge considered absolute and unquestionable truths. This process can be seen in the statements from families, students and professors (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Chart 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Chart 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Statements from families, students and nursing professors</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="box" rules="cols">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <th align="center">Statements from families</th>
              <th align="center">Statements from students</th>
              <th align="center">Statements from professors</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top"><italic>...very nice attitude of them, right, very nice persons, have no prejudice against us poor people, right, and they come visiting...</italic> (F1)<break/>
								<break/><italic>...like in the day they arrived, when I was making little cakes, they even ate cakes... that I made...</italic> (F2)<break/>
								<break/><italic>...that visit was a pleasure for us to chat with them, talk to them, open up to them...</italic> (F3)</td>
              <td valign="top"><italic>On the first visit I was very shocked. I got disappointed and thought I wouldn't do anything. That house with one room, with a door and a window and nothing else... It had only a bed, a stove, an old couch, food, and clothes hanging on the walls, the floor carpet all wet, the sanitary sewer ran in front of the house. There live the woman and six children. But as the visits continued, the mother and children were able to increase the house a little. Then we start thinking: how can they live in such a situation? People complain about so many trivial things, but then you realize that the children live happily even without having anything.</italic> (E1)</td>
              <td valign="top"><italic>Being a mediator of a theoretical-practical innovative activity does not seem to be as simple for the academicized eyes addicted to hegemonic knowledge, at first glance. Initially, they needed to rethink values and personal beliefs, questioning the very practice of being, of thinking on nursing, as well as to review the very concept of health reduced to the absence of disease. Accompanying students in visits to these families, creating affective and effective bonds, it means to let prejudices aside, to broaden perspectives, and believe that it is possible to dream of a more entrepreneurial and transformative practice of the real needs of the population.</italic> (P1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top"><italic>If ot her universities also had this bonding link between the human being and the professional, yeah, that there's not much difference, but the good professional, he graduates knowing the reality... So, like, this is highly positive, A grade for those students, right...</italic> (F5)<break/>
								<break/><italic>.. .'t would be nice if you could meet others, you know, to bring these other people the same things they made us feel, you know... It would be nice... The suggestion would be to include other families.</italic> (F8)<break/>
								<break/><italic>...we talked a lot, about serious things, about my life, they got to know a bit of me and my family and I knew a bit of each one of them... pretty cool, pretty natural...</italic> (F13)<break/>
								<break/><italic>Those students learning how to bathe and change the diaper from those children, they actually formed a big family, yeah, the institution and the family, the family and the institution... Only that linking bond the years won't ever erase remained. As much as distance separates these human beings, at that moment, that one good thing that happened will remain for life.</italic> (F14)<break/>
								<break/><italic>...we chat with them, talk to them, we open ourselves up to them, even myself, I have... like... well, I managed to open up so much to them, I got some fondness for those girls, you know, all honesty, I opened myself up to them...</italic> (F16)<break/>
								<break/><italic>That affection they have with us, that you have with us here. You come from there... there on the other side, to hear our... how do I say it, our problems, the attention you give us.</italic> (F20)<break/>
								<break/><italic>It was good... we were very fond of them... because I like them a lot, I love them.</italic> (F21)<break/>
								<break/><italic>... but I had a fondness for those girls, the bond I had with them was the most amazing thing...</italic> (F23)<break/>
								<break/><italic>...they were like my daughters to me, when they come, to me it looks like my daughters arrived...</italic> (F26)</td>
              <td valign="top"><italic>Whenever we arrived there, she soon would ask when the next visit would be. She always welcomed us very well. She was so happy she didn't know what to do first.</italic> (E3)<break/>
								<break/><italic>During the first few visits, we went there and realized that we had nothing to do. We asked the professor to exchange our families, but then she made us think that we needed to look at our surroundings, and gradually we were realizing that they had no apparent disease, but a huge need to talk. They wouldn't stop talking. They always waited for us, eager to tell us their lives.</italic> (E4)<break/>
								<break/><italic>On the first visit, I thought I would teach and bring a lot of knowledge to these families. But since the first meeting I realized they had all the information on everything. They recycle trash, they have a wonderful garden, they collect all rainwater for the plants... They did a lot of things I didn't do in my house... I learned a lot from them.</italic> (E5)<break/>
								<break/><italic>This lingering feeling is one of a great lesson of life... Even with all the problems, they were always excited and happy, and we sometimes complain about so little.</italic> (E6)<break/>
								<break/><italic>Our family's house is in terrible condition. It could collapse anytime. At every heavy rain, I pray and ask God to protect that house, because he has a two months baby. So far we've already got some contacts to get all the building materials and a professional to make the new house plan. Now we only need to gain resources to pay for a bricklayer. We have to help accomplish this family's huge dream</italic> (E7).<break/>
								<break/><italic>In our family's home there aren't chairs to sit on. I always wondered how and where the girls study. One day I went there and saw the two taking turns in an old chair that was outside the house. Then I asked where they studied on rainy days, they just looked at me and didn't answer.</italic> (E8)<break/>
								<break/><italic>In our family, the kids wouldn't visit their parents anymore. With our presence, they started getting closer... We think they got moved by the fact we were interested in them.</italic> (E9)<break/>
								<break/><italic>Now we already managed to create a group of families... They meet once a week. At first, she always said that everything was fine. But as we were forming the bond, she started being open and told us that her husband bashed her constantly.</italic> (E10)<break/>
								<break/><italic>The boy who didn't speak anything at first gradually started talking. He gave us hugs and showed us little chicks.</italic> (E11)</td>
              <td valign="top"><italic>Sometimes I felt confused and insecure, especially when faced with conflict situations - family fights or between neighbors... It wasn't clear how to conduct those complex situations with the students.</italic> (P2)<break/>
								<break/><italic>Accompanying students to home visits, we had the opportunity to experience a reality until then very distant from our daily lives. To rethink values, observe cultures and formations different from ours instigated us to re-examine the concepts we had up to that time. The nursing practice must be present in all social and cultural contexts, acting on behalf of the human being.</italic> (P3)<break/>
								<break/><italic>This process transcended from the academic daily life to the cultural and social through dialogue with different knowledge</italic> [...] <italic>enabling an ethical rethinking, based on the autonomy of the subjects.</italic> (P4)<break/>
								<break/><italic>The role of the professor as facilitator of actions in the community needs to be in accordance with the structural conditions, the culture, the values, the accessibility to health services, and the basic mechanisms of life in society, in order to instigate the different. These kinds of action, which lead students to experience the reality of health determinants, large and complex, becomes more challenging when health care is directed to the families subjected to numerous vulnerabilities...</italic> (P5)<break/>
								<break/><italic>I never thought our presence would be so significant. I remember I asked our family's mother, 24 years old, if she was thinking about continuing education. She told me that she couldn't, because of her small children... but on the next visit she soon told us she had looked on the possibility of continuing her studies. Soon I remembered the importance of our talking and presence. She felt instigated.</italic> (P7)<break/>
								<break/><italic>At the beginning, we felt like our hands were tied... We got frustrated many times. We thought our visits were useless. But in the end, when we thought about it, we realized the transformations that had occurred.</italic> (P8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top"><italic>...they were already part of my family... The children said: 'Hey, mom, your daughters are coming...'</italic> (F31)<break/>
								<break/>...<italic>until now I like them, I miss them. We cried. We miss them... I wish they would come back.</italic> (F39)<break/>
								<break/><italic>Look, I tell you, I miss it... It's been a while since they last came, right, and I'm missing them now, you know, that day-to-day contact.</italic> (F43)<break/>
								<break/><italic>Look, wish they be very happy, thank you very much for what they did for us.</italic> (F54)<break/>
								<break/><italic>We have to be patient, right, because problems, everyone has them, we have to be patient and the solution will come. No matter how difficult, no matter how complicated it is, we always reach a solution. Nothing is impossible! If we fight, persist, move forward, we achieve everything. I understood it more or less like that.</italic> (F72)</td>
              <td valign="top">
							</td>
              <td valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The theoretical-practical activity developed with the &#8220;adopted families&#8221;, an innovative and entrepreneurial activity, made it possible to rethink the method of teaching and learning, as well as create and expand the concept of health by valuing the bond between professional and user, and of the nursing care<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>)</sup>. In the professors&#8217; evaluation, the activity represented an effective articulation and insertion of the university in the community, i.e. the possibility of a new proposal and the certainty of a health system more effective and efficient. From the point of view of students, the activity allowed for spaces of construction, deconstruction and negotiation with the unknown and the uncertain. For the families, the feeling of being remembered and valued as human beings and citizens.</p>
      <p>Through these experiences, the transformation of health practices goes through the emergence and valuation of new knowledge, among them popular knowledge; a dialogical attitude between professional and user; a conceptual and scientific openness in relation to the existing biomedical model; and greater political and ideological responsibility of managers. These transformations are potential bond constructors, approximating who offers care to those who receive it, originating from solidarity attitudes that imply putting oneself in the other person&#8217;s level and letting them be themselves.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>UNIVERSITY: SPACE FOR MEETING OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROPONENT OF CHANGES</title>
      <p>The university should be a space, par excellence, for meeting, constructing and being open to different and new knowledge. Being open to the other is the most deep meaning of the democratization of the access to university and of permanence in it. In a society where quantity and quality of life are based on increasingly complex configurations of knowledge, the university is only legitimate when meeting extension activities, with integral research and training activities<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>Therefore, it is imperative that the university allows for spaces of interaction with the community in order to identify key research issues and, from then on, define intervention priorities. The systematization of this extension process, developed cooperatively, must pay attention to ethical and citizenship performance, to analysis of impacts and perverse effects and, in particular, to contextualized and dialogical learning, based in new and different practices and knowledge.</p>
      <p>The university is the institution that is able to better assume the role of a social entrepreneur in contemporary society whose success lies in the ability to do things differently, acquiring value and social capital with the ability to articulate and democratize theoretical-practical knowledge<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>. With the increased social complexity and interdependence between the various social subsystems, the risks and costs of social innovation will be increasingly higher, demanding proponent and innovative social projects in their way of thinking and acting both individually and collectively.</p>
      <p>Corroborates with this idea<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>)</sup> the argument of the entrepreneurial potential of the university, when highlighted its autonomy and the fact of having relatively distanced mechanisms of market pressures and increasing social rigidity. The university needs to promote political coalitions with groups and organizations where the memory of innovation is still present, allowing for the democratization of society. Violating the conventional order that extension/insertion of the university comes from teaching and research, the institutional concept of Unifra is that extension is configured as a process that brings the university both problems and knowledge generated in the most varied segments of reality. This is an interactive and educational process comprising a conception of university as facing reality, with the aim of intervening in this reality through research and rekindle the process of teaching in the formation of nurses<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>A major coalition to be strengthened and encouraged in this context of discussions is related to the institutional support in SUS, guided by principles and guidelines that stand out as the largest and most innovative systems in the world. Its innovative nature is expressed primarily through an extended conception of health, by means of a gradual overcoming of the biological model centered on the disease, and the strong impact on the promotion and protection of health<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this process of construction and consolidation of SUS, the university constitutes an important space of encounter between knowledge, construction and/or reconstruction of theoretical-practical scenarios, and a creative space that proposes changes in cultural, social and economical contexts. Thus, it is important that the academic community develops educational processes that articulate the professional formation of nurses with the needs and demands of society.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>FINAL CONSIDERATIONS</title>
      <p>The theoretical-practical educational process of nursing inserted in the reality of families and communities constitutes an important initiative for the construction of a culture focused on the fundamental rights of the human person, open to differences and oriented towards the interests and needs of all citizens. However, rather than creating a new proposal, it is needed to re-signify and re-organize knowledge, knowing, doing, coexisting and being, based on new referentials capable of creating favorable educational spaces for the construction of thinking, sympathetic subjects committed towards citizenship and social well-being.</p>
      <p>This insertion of the university in the community seeks, although in a context of contradiction and uncertainty, to understand the intimate connection between research and extension, producing a real movement for change in academic formation, overcoming the critical dissociation between university and reality.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the insertion of the university in the community is constituted of an entrepreneurial strategy that is proponent of changes, due to its more effective and resolute outreach of health issues proposed by SUS. Hence, as a democratization strategy of management practices and care in SUS, the insertion of the university in the community enables, above all, re-signification and organization of knowledge, of knowing, of doing, of coexisting and of being, based in new referentials, by promoting educational spaces favorable to the construction of thinking, critical, sympathetic subjects committed to citizenship and social well-being.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</title>
      <p>We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) for their support to the project &#8220;O cuidado de enfermagem como pr&#225;tica socialmente empreendedora&#8221;, Process No. 302103/2017-1.</p>
    </ack>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>RELATO DE EXPERI&#202;NCIA</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Acad&#234;micos de enfermagem na comunidade: estrat&#233;gia empreendedora e propositora de mudan&#231;as</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Backes</surname>
            <given-names>Dirce Stein</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Haag</surname>
            <given-names>Beth&#226;nia Kraemer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
            <given-names>Janine</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">I</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dalcin</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Biazus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">II</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Backes</surname>
            <given-names>Marli Terezinha Stein</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">II</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lomba</surname>
            <given-names>Lurdes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">III</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio Franciscano. Santa Maria-RS, Brasil.</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florian&#245;polis-SC, Brasil.</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>III</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal.</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>AUTOR CORRESPONDENTE: Camila Biazus Dalcin</bold> E-mail: <email>camilabiazus@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <fpage>1904</fpage>
      <lpage>1909</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>relatar a inser&#231;&#227;o comunit&#225;ria dos acad&#234;micos de enfermagem do Centro Universit&#225;rio Franciscano, por meio do projeto Adotando uma Fam&#237;lia, e contribuir para a reflex&#227;o cr&#237;tica no &#226;mbito da produ&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica e sua articula&#231;&#227;o com a sa&#250;de coletiva.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos docentes, a atividade representou uma efetiva articula&#231;&#227;o e inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade; para os acad&#234;micos, possibilitou espa&#231;os de constru&#231;&#227;o, desconstru&#231;&#227;o e negocia&#231;&#227;o com o desconhecido e o incerto; e para as fam&#237;lias, o sentimento de terem sido lembradas e valorizadas como seres humanos e cidad&#227;os. A transforma&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas de sa&#250;de passa, a partir do vivido, pela emerg&#234;ncia e valoriza&#231;&#227;o de novos saberes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es finais:</title>
          <p>a inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade se constitui, portanto, em uma estrat&#233;gia empreendedora e propositora de mudan&#231;as, pelo alcance mais efetivo e resolutivo das quest&#245;es propostas pelo sistema de sa&#250;de nacional.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Descritores:</title>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o em Enfermagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Pr&#225;tica de Enfermagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Enfermagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Rela&#231;&#245;es Comunidade-Institui&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico</funding-source>
          <award-id>302103/2017-1</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</title>
        <p>A inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade, sistematizada por meio de a&#231;&#245;es inter e multiprofissionais, se constitui em um dos pilares do Projeto Pedag&#243;gico Institucional do Centro Universit&#225;rio Franciscano (Unifra). A materializa&#231;&#227;o dessa proposta ocorre pelo desenvolvimento das fun&#231;&#245;es b&#225;sicas da institui&#231;&#227;o (ensino, pesquisa e extens&#227;o), permeada e sustentada pelo diagn&#243;stico concreto da realidade social<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>A ideia de &#8220;inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade&#8221; foi sabiamente discutida por Cristovam Buarque em not&#225;vel texto intitulado &#8220;Uma ideia de Universidade&#8221;, no qual o autor buscou articular a tradi&#231;&#227;o elitista da universidade com o aprofundamento do seu compromisso social. Para Buarque, a pol&#237;tica da universidade deve combinar o m&#225;ximo de qualidade acad&#234;mica com o m&#225;ximo de compromisso social. O autor afirma que a qualidade &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o de valoriza&#231;&#227;o do produto que emerge do conhecimento universit&#225;rio, mas o que levar&#225; ao uso efetivo desse produto desenvolvido na academia ser&#225; o seu amplo compromisso social, ou seja, a sua condi&#231;&#227;o antietilista<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Com base nessas premissas, a Unifra optou por uma pol&#237;tica institucional prospectiva de percep&#231;&#227;o e de an&#225;lise das tend&#234;ncias da sociedade, motivada por atitudes colaborativas e de proximidade entre o que a institui&#231;&#227;o realiza e o que a sociedade dela espera. Tal atitude tem como alicerce tr&#234;s eixos te&#243;ricos: pensamento sist&#234;mico, forma&#231;&#227;o humana integral e inser&#231;&#227;o comunit&#225;ria, os quais legitimam a prerrogativa de conceber o sujeito/usu&#225;rio em seu contexto, como parte indissoci&#225;vel de uma rede de rela&#231;&#245;es e intera&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;micas.</p>
        <p>Em face das incertezas e da volatilidade dos fen&#244;menos sociais, emerge crescentemente a necessidade de formar profissionais com vis&#227;o integral, global e sist&#234;mica. Uma forma&#231;&#227;o que seja contextualizada, capaz de desenvolver no estudante o esp&#237;rito cr&#237;tico, a criatividade, a disposi&#231;&#227;o para a inova&#231;&#227;o, a atitude positiva, proativa e de negocia&#231;&#227;o, ou seja, a capacidade de aprender a conhecer, aprender a fazer, a conviver e a ser<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Para tanto, &#233; indispens&#225;vel que se desenvolvam processos formativos que articulem a forma&#231;&#227;o profissional com as necessidades e demandas da sociedade, enquanto estrat&#233;gia para o desenvolvimento econ&#244;mico, social e cultural<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>. Por conseguinte, essa articula&#231;&#227;o deve ocorrer desde o momento da gradua&#231;&#227;o ou da forma&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica at&#233; a inclus&#227;o dos profissionais no servi&#231;o, por meio da educa&#231;&#227;o permanente.</p>
        <p>Apesar dos muitos desafios a serem enfrentados, grandes avan&#231;os podem ser percebidos no cen&#225;rio da sa&#250;de, principalmente os relacionados &#224; consolida&#231;&#227;o do SUS. Destaca-se, nessa dire&#231;&#227;o, a Pol&#237;tica Nacional de Humaniza&#231;&#227;o da Aten&#231;&#227;o e Gest&#227;o no SUS, entendida como um caminho favor&#225;vel &#224; amplia&#231;&#227;o do acesso com qualidade aos servi&#231;os e bens de sa&#250;de, &#224; corresponsabiliza&#231;&#227;o entre trabalhadores, gestores e usu&#225;rios nos processos de gest&#227;o e aten&#231;&#227;o, no apoio &#224; constru&#231;&#227;o de redes colaborativas entre os diversos setores comprometidos com a produ&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de e na emancipa&#231;&#227;o do sujeito como protagonista de sua pr&#243;pria hist&#243;ria. Tal iniciativa, portanto, vem resultando em processos de gest&#227;o e de assist&#234;ncia mais dial&#243;gicos, participativos e integradores dos diferentes sujeitos e setores comprometidos com o fen&#244;meno sa&#250;de<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>OBJETIVO</title>
        <p>Relatar a experi&#234;ncia de inser&#231;&#227;o comunit&#225;ria do Centro Universit&#225;rio Franciscano, por meio do projeto Adotando uma Fam&#237;lia, e contribuir para a reflex&#227;o cr&#237;tica no &#226;mbito da forma&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica de enfermagem e sua articula&#231;&#227;o com a sa&#250;de coletiva, com base no exposto e considerando a import&#226;ncia do apoio institucional da universidade no processo de consolida&#231;&#227;o do SUS.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#201;TODO</title>
        <p>O relato de experi&#234;ncia est&#225; vinculado ao projeto Adotando uma Fam&#237;lia, o qual tem por objetivo articular teoria &#224; pr&#225;tica cotidiana de fam&#237;lias em situa&#231;&#227;o de vulnerabilidade social, ambiental e socioecon&#244;mica, cujo processo foi conduzido pelo m&#233;todo de pesquisa-a&#231;&#227;o. O projeto ocorre semestralmente desde o primeiro semestre de 2009.</p>
        <p>Para essa atividade fim, os graduandos de enfermagem do terceiro semestre foram organizados em equipes de quatro componentes e estimulados a articular uma das teorias de enfermagem &#224; realidade cotidiana de uma fam&#237;lia. Todos os acad&#234;micos estavam cursando a disciplina de teorias de enfermagem para poder realizar a atividade e contaram com a orienta&#231;&#227;o de docente que ministrava aulas no referido semestre, com o qual j&#225; tinham v&#237;nculo. As fam&#237;lias residiam em uma macrorregi&#227;o do munic&#237;pio de Santa Maria (RS), Brasil, onde a Unifra construiu e mant&#233;m um v&#237;nculo de inser&#231;&#227;o comunit&#225;ria por meio das pr&#225;ticas interdisciplinares de cuidado em sa&#250;de.</p>
        <p>Essas fam&#237;lias foram escolhidas intencionalmente pela equipe de Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia (ESF), de acordo com crit&#233;rios e prioridades previamente estabelecidas. Dentre as prioridades figuraram fam&#237;lias com quadro de depend&#234;ncia de drogas, viol&#234;ncia familiar, prostitui&#231;&#227;o infantil, doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas e mentais. As fam&#237;lias, em sua maioria, eram compostas de seis a oito membros, casais (em algum caso separados) que obt&#234;m seu sustento pela coleta seletiva de lixo, com renda acrescida pelo Programa Bolsa Fam&#237;lia, iniciativa do Governo Federal. Salienta-se que, para essa atividade fim, os acad&#234;micos de enfermagem foram devidamente informados e instrumentalizados quanto &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es das fam&#237;lias, bem como orientados acerca do processo te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tico que fundamentaria a forma&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;nculo.</p>
        <p>Tendo por objetivos fomentar o v&#237;nculo acad&#234;mico/profissional-usu&#225;rio e despertar a sensibilidade, solidariedade e o exerc&#237;cio de cidadania, essa atividade acad&#234;mica foi desenvolvida por meio de visitas peri&#243;dicas &#224;s fam&#237;lias. Cada visita foi orientada pelo processo te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tico sistematizado, o qual ser&#225; detalhado a seguir. As visitas, com dura&#231;&#227;o de no m&#225;ximo duas horas, foram realizadas em grupo por meio de transporte coletivo. Nessas ocasi&#245;es, cada orientador acompanhou sua respectiva equipe de acad&#234;micos de enfermagem. Salienta-se que, na medida em que a atividade se desenvolvia, v&#225;rias equipes visitaram as &#8220;suas fam&#237;lias&#8221; tamb&#233;m fora dos dias agendados, motivados pela doen&#231;a de algum dos membros da fam&#237;lia ou por solicita&#231;&#227;o desses. Tais visitas, no entanto, eram realizadas sem a presen&#231;a dos orientadores e n&#227;o faziam parte da atividade disciplinar proposta. Ainda em outros momentos, mais especificamente em dias de intensa chuva, frio ou em datas festivas, os acad&#234;micos, sensibilizados, convidaram seus pr&#243;prios familiares para uma visita &#224; &#8220;fam&#237;lia adotada&#8221;.</p>
        <p>A atividade te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tica, al&#233;m de fundamentada em uma teoria de enfermagem, foi apoiada em estrat&#233;gias metodol&#243;gicas, tais como: a intera&#231;&#227;o efetiva e afetiva com a fam&#237;lia; a cria&#231;&#227;o de v&#237;nculos de confian&#231;a; e a constru&#231;&#227;o participativa e coletiva de todos os envolvidos, com o prop&#243;sito de emancipar a fam&#237;lia fortalecendo sua capacidade de protagonizar a pr&#243;pria hist&#243;ria. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref> mostra a estrutura&#231;&#227;o do processo das atividades do projeto.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Sistematiza&#231;&#227;o do processo te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tico de atividades do projeto Adotando uma Fam&#237;lia, realizado por acad&#234;micos de enfermagem</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1984-0446-reben-71-suppl4-1799-0382-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A atividade te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tica tem sempre a dura&#231;&#227;o de um semestre acad&#234;mico, e at&#233; o momento ocorreram doze edi&#231;&#245;es, com abrang&#234;ncia de cerca de cem fam&#237;lias. Em cada edi&#231;&#227;o, foram realizadas em m&#233;dia doze a quinze visitas. Como desfecho de cada semestre realizou-se um momento de confraterniza&#231;&#227;o no centro comunit&#225;rio local, o qual integrou professores, estudantes, fam&#237;lias envolvidas, equipe ESF e lideran&#231;as da comunidade. Nesse momento, cada grupo de acad&#234;micos de enfermagem, juntamente com seu professor orientador e com a fam&#237;lia adotada, foram motivados a relatar as viv&#234;ncias do semestre, as quais, na maioria dos casos, culminaram com sentimentos de empatia, sensibilidade e v&#237;nculo entre os envolvidos.</p>
        <p>O processo foi desenvolvido e avaliado no decorrer dos doze semestres do projeto em curso mediante acompanhamento e orienta&#231;&#227;o dos estudantes pelos docentes quanto &#224;s visitas, por meio dos relatos de viv&#234;ncias em sala de aula e nos momentos de integra&#231;&#227;o final, a partir de relatos das fam&#237;lias. Cabe ressaltar que os relatos presentes no estudo s&#227;o das fam&#237;lias de 2008 at&#233; 2014, e que o projeto continua em andamento devido ao seu impacto na referida comunidade, na qual a Unifra vem ampliando suas atividades juntamente com a ESF.</p>
        <p>Os aspectos &#233;ticos do estudo foram observados em acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da resolu&#231;&#227;o do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de n&#186; 196/96, que prescreve a &#233;tica na pesquisa com seres humanos no Brasil. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Unifra.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>RELATANDO O VIVIDO PELAS FAM&#205;LIAS, PELOS ACAD&#202;MICOS E PELOS DOCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM</title>
        <p>O elemento norteador e motivador deste estudo se caracterizou pelas visitas domiciliares de estudantes e docentes de enfermagem &#224;s fam&#237;lias selecionadas pelo projeto, enquanto tecnologia para o cuidado, o ensino e a pesquisa<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>)</sup>. No cotidiano, os acad&#234;micos e docentes se depararam com situa&#231;&#245;es reais e ao mesmo tempo contradit&#243;rias, antag&#244;nicas e incertas. Essas situa&#231;&#245;es se relevaram como viv&#234;ncias perpassadas pelo processo de somente visualizar contextos de sa&#250;de comunit&#225;ria nos meios de comunica&#231;&#227;o ou nos livros. Percebeu-se que isso possibilitou o preparo para situa&#231;&#245;es reais que os futuros enfermeiros poder&#227;o enfrentar em sua jornada profissional. As diferen&#231;as culturais, o choque de valores e a inseguran&#231;a em face do novo possibilitaram, al&#233;m de um contato e di&#225;logo com a realidade concreta dos sujeitos em situa&#231;&#245;es vulner&#225;veis, repensar valores e saberes considerados verdades absolutas e inquestion&#225;veis. Esse processo pode ser verificado nos depoimentos de familiares, acad&#234;micos e docentes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Quadro 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Quadro 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Relatos das fam&#237;lias, acad&#234;micos e docentes de enfermagem</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="box" rules="cols">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <th align="center">Relatos das fam&#237;lias</th>
                <th align="center">Relatos de estudantes</th>
                <th align="center">Relatos de docentes</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><italic>... atitude muito bonita delas, n&#233;, umas pessoa muito boa, n&#227;o t&#234;m preconceito com as pessoas pobre, n&#233; e v&#234;m visitar...</italic> (F1)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... como no dia que eles chegaram a&#237;, que eu tava fazendo bolinho, comeram at&#233; bolinho... que eu fiz...</italic> (F2)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... era uma visita que era um prazer da gente dialogar com elas, conversar com eles, a gente se abrir com eles...</italic> (F3)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Que outras universidades tamb&#233;m tivessem esse elo de liga&#231;&#227;o entre o ser humano e o profissional, n&#233;, que n&#227;o tem muita diferen&#231;a, mas, o bom profissional, ele se forma conhecendo a realidade... Ent&#227;o, assim, &#233; altamente positivo, nota dez pros alunos, n&#233;...</italic> (F5)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... nera bom se pudesse pegar outras diferente, sabe, pra passar pras outras pessoas as mesmas coisas que elas passavam pra gente, sabe... Seria bom... A sugest&#227;o seria abranger pra outras fam&#237;lias.</italic> (F8)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... a gente conversava bastante, coisas s&#233;rias, sobre a minha vida, conheceram um pouco de mim e da minha fam&#237;lia e eu conheci um pouco de cada uma delas... bem legal, bem espont&#226;neo...</italic> (F13)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Aprender a dar banho, aprender a trocar fralda daquelas crian&#231;as pelas m&#227;os dos alunos, na verdade formaram uma grande fam&#237;lia, n&#233;, institui&#231;&#227;o e a fam&#237;lia, a fam&#237;lia e a institui&#231;&#227;o... Ficou aquele elo de liga&#231;&#227;o que os anos nunca v&#227;o apagar. Por mais que a dist&#226;ncia separe esses seres humanos, aquele momento, aquela coisa boa que aconteceu vai ficar guardado pro resto da vida.</italic> (F14)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... a gente dialoga com elas, conversa com elas, a gente se abre com elas, eu mesma, eu tenho... assim... bom, eu consegui me abrir tanto com elas, peguei um carinho com aquelas menina, sabe, a minha franqueza, eu me abri com elas...</italic> (F16)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Aquele carinho que elas t&#234;m com n&#243;s, que voc&#234;s t&#234;m com n&#243;s aqui. Voc&#234;s v&#234;m de l&#225;...</italic>l&#225;do outro lado, pra escutar nossos<italic>... como vou te dizer assim nossos problemas, a aten&#231;&#227;o que d&#227;o pra n&#243;s.</italic> (F20)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Era bom... a gente gosta demais delas... porque eu gosto muito deles, amo eles.</italic> (F21)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... mas eu tinha um carinho por aquelas meninas, coisa mais incr&#237;vel a liga&#231;&#227;o que tinha com elas...</italic> (F23)<break/>
									<break/><italic>... elas pra mim eram assim como minhas filhas, quando chegam, pra mim parece que chegaram minhas filhas...</italic> (F26)<break/>
									<break/><italic>...elas j&#225; faziam parte da minha fam&#237;lia... As crian&#231;as diziam: '&#211;, m&#227;e, tuas filhas t&#227;o chegando...'</italic> (F31)</td>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Na primeira visita eu me choquei muito. Decepcionei-me e achei que n&#227;o iria fazer nada. A casa de uma pe&#231;a, com uma porta e uma janela n&#227;o tinha nada... S&#243; tinha uma cama, um fog&#227;o , um sof&#225; velho, as roupas e comidas penduradas nas paredes, o carpete do ch&#227;o todo molhado, o esgoto da patente corria na frente da casa. Ali moram a mulher e seis filhos. Mas ao longo das visitas, a m&#227;e e os filhos conseguiram aumentar um pouco a casa. A&#237; a gente fica pensando: como podem viver nesta situa&#231;&#227;o? A gente reclama de tantas coisas f&#250;teis, mas a&#237; voc&#234; se d&#225; conta que as crian&#231;as vivem felizes mesmo n&#227;o tendo nada .</italic> (E1)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Quando a gente chegava l&#225;, ela logo perguntava quando seria a pr&#243;xima visita. Ela sempre nos recebeu muito bem. Ela n&#227;o sabia o que fazer primeiro de t&#227;o feliz.</italic> (E3)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Nas primeiras visitas, a gente ia l&#225; e perceb&#237;amos que n&#227;o t&#237;nhamos nada para fazer. Solicitamos para a professora trocar de fam&#237;lia, mas a&#237; ela nos fez pensar que precisamos olhar para o entorno e aos poucos fomos percebendo, que eles n&#227;o tinham uma doen&#231;a aparente, mas uma necessidade imensa de conversar. Eles n&#227;o paravam de conversar. Sempre nos esperavam ansiosamente para contar a sua vida.</italic> (E4)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Na primeira visita, eu pensei que eu iria ensinar e levar muito conhecimento para as fam&#237;lias. Mas, J&#225; no primeiro encontro percebi que eles tinham todas as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre tudo. Eles reciclam o lixo, eles t&#234;m uma horta maravilhosa, eles recolhem toda a &#225;gua da chuva para as plantas... Eles fazem muitas coisas que eu n&#227;o fa&#231;o na minha casa... Eu aprendi muito com eles.</italic> (E5)<break/>
									<break/><italic>O sentimento que fica &#233; de uma grande li&#231;&#227;o de vida... Mesmo com todos os problemas eles estavam sempre animados e felizes e a gente &#224;s vezes reclama por t&#227;o pouco. (E6)</italic><break/>
									<break/><italic>A casa da nossa fam&#237;lia est&#225; em p&#233;ssimas condi&#231;&#245;es. A qualquer momento pode cair. A cada chuva forte, eu rezo e pe&#231;o a Deus para que proteja a casa, por que ele tem um nen&#234; de dois meses. At&#233; agora j&#225; conseguimos fazer parcerias para conseguir todo o material de constru&#231;&#227;o e um profissional para fazer a planta da casa nova. Agora falta conseguir recursos para pagar um pedreiro. N&#243;s precisamos ajudar a realizar este grande sonho da fam&#237;lia</italic> (E7).<break/>
									<break/><italic>Na casa da nossa fam&#237;lia eles n&#227;o t&#234;m cadeiras para sentar. Eu sempre me perguntava como e onde as meninas estudam? Certo dia fui l&#225; e vi as duas se revezando numa cadeira velha que se encontrava fora da casa. A&#237; perguntei onde estudavam nos dias de chuva, elas s&#243; me olharam e n&#227;o responderam.</italic> (E8)</td>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ser mediadora de uma atividade te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tica inovadora n&#227;o parece, &#224; primeira vista, ser t&#227;o simples aos olhos cientificizados e viciados pelo saber hegem&#244;nico. Foi preciso, inicialmente, repensar valores e cren&#231;as pessoais, questionar a pr&#243;pria pr&#225;tica do ser e pensar enfermagem, bem como rever o pr&#243;prio conceito de sa&#250;de, reduzido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a. Acompanhar os acad&#234;micos nas visitas</italic> &#224;<italic>s fam&#237;lias, criar v&#237;nculos afetivos e efetivos, significa romper preconceitos, ampliar olhares e acreditar que &#233; poss&#237;vel sonhar com uma pr&#225;tica mais empreendedora e transformadora das reais necessidades da popula&#231;&#227;o.</italic> (P1)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Por vezes me sentia confusa e insegura, principalmente ao me deparar com situa&#231;&#245;es de conflito - brigas familiares ou entre vizinhos...</italic>n&#227;otinha clareza de como conduzir <italic>aquelas situa&#231;&#245;es complexas com os acad&#234;micos.</italic> (P2)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Ao acompanhar os alunos nas visitas domiciliares, tivemos a oportunidade de vivenciar uma realidade at&#233; ent&#227;o distante do nosso cotidiano. Repensar valores, observar culturas e educa&#231;&#245;es diferentes das nossas instigou a reavaliar conceitos que t&#237;nhamos at&#233; aquele momento. A pr&#225;tica de enfermagem deve estar presente em todos os contextos sociais e culturais, atuando em prol do ser humano.</italic> (P3)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Esse processo transcendeu o cotidiano acad&#234;mico para o cultural e social pelo di&#225;logo com os diferentes saberes</italic> [...] <italic>possibilitou um repensar &#233;tico, pautado na autonomia dos sujeitos.</italic> (P4)<break/>
									<break/><italic>O papel do docente, enquanto facilitador de a&#231;&#245;es na comunidade, necessita estar em conson&#226;ncia com as condi&#231;&#245;es estruturais, a cultura, os valores, a acessibilidade aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de e aos mecanismos b&#225;sicos da vida em sociedade, a fim de instigar o diferente. A&#231;&#245;es deste g&#234;nero, as quais levam os alunos a vivenciarem a realidade dos determinantes de sa&#250;de, amplos e complexos, tornam-se mais desafiadoras quando a aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de est&#225; direcionada &#224;s fam&#237;lias submetidas a in&#250;meras vulnerabilidades...</italic> (P5)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Nunca pensei que a presen&#231;a da gente marcasse tanto. Lembro que perguntei para a m&#227;e da nossa fam&#237;lia, de 24 anos, se estava pensando em continuar os estudos. Logo ela me respondeu que n&#227;o daria em fun&#231;&#227;o dos filhos pequenos... mas na pr&#243;xima visita ela logo nos contou que havia ido atr&#225;s da possibilidade de continuar os estudos. Logo lembrei da import&#226;ncia da nossa fala e presen&#231;a. Ela se sentiu instigada.</italic> (P7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><italic>... at&#233; agora gosto, eu sinto falta deles. N&#243;s choramos. A gente sente falta deles... Queria que elas voltassem.</italic> (F39)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Olha, vou te dizer, ficou na saudade... Faz um tempo que eles n&#227;o v&#234;m, n&#233;, e eu t&#244; achando falta delas agora, sabe, aquele contato do dia a dia.</italic> (F43)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Olha, que eles sejam muito felizes, muito obrigado pelo que fizeram pela gente.</italic> (F54)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Que a gente tem que ter paci&#234;ncia, n&#233;, que problemas todo mundo tem, que a gente tem que ser paciente e que a gente sempre alcan&#231;a uma solu&#231;&#227;o. Por mais dif&#237;cil, por mais complicado que seja, a gente sempre alcan&#231;a uma solu&#231;&#227;o. Nada &#233; imposs&#237;vel! Se a gente batalhar, persistir, tocar adiante, tudo a gente consegue. Foi mais ou menos assim que eu entendi.</italic> (F72)</td>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Na nossa fam&#237;lia os filhos n&#227;o visitavam mais os pais. Com a nossa presen&#231;a, eles come&#231;aram a se aproximar... A gente acha que eles se sensibilizaram pelo fato da gente se interessar.</italic> (E9)<break/>
									<break/><italic>Agora a gente j&#225; conseguiu criar um grupo de fam&#237;lias... Eles se encontram uma vez por semana. No in&#237;cio ela sempre dizia que estava tudo bem. Mas na medida em que &#237;amos formando o v&#237;nculo, ela come&#231;ou a se abrir e nos contou que o marido seguidamente batia nela.</italic> (E10)<break/>
									<break/><italic>O menino que no in&#237;cio n&#227;o falava nada, aos poucos come&#231;ou a se comunicar. Nos dava abra&#231;os e j&#225; nos mostrou os pintinhos.</italic> (E11)</td>
                <td align="left" valign="top"><italic>No in&#237;cio a gente se sentia de m&#227;os amarradas... Frustramo-nos muitas vezes. Ach&#225;vamos que as nossas visitas n&#227;o serviam para nada. Mas no final, quando a gente parou para pensar, a gente se deu conta das transforma&#231;&#245;es que ocorreram.</italic> (P8)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A atividade te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tica desenvolvida com as &#8220;fam&#237;lias adotadas&#8221;, atividade inovadora e empreendedora, possibilitou repensar o m&#233;todo de ensinar e aprender, bem como criar e ampliar o conceito de sa&#250;de pela valoriza&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;nculo profissional-usu&#225;rio e do cuidado de enfermagem<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>)</sup>. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos docentes a atividade representou uma efetiva articula&#231;&#227;o e inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade, ou seja, a possibilidade de uma proposta nova e a certeza de um sistema de sa&#250;de mais efetivo e eficaz. Do ponto de vista dos acad&#234;micos a atividade permitiu espa&#231;os de constru&#231;&#227;o, desconstru&#231;&#227;o e negocia&#231;&#227;o com o desconhecido e o incerto. Para as fam&#237;lias, o sentimento de terem sido lembradas e valorizadas como seres humanos e cidad&#227;os.</p>
        <p>A transforma&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas de sa&#250;de passa, a partir do vivido, pela emerg&#234;ncia e valoriza&#231;&#227;o de novos saberes, dentre eles o saber popular; por uma postura dial&#243;gica entre profissional-usu&#225;rio; por uma abertura conceitual e cient&#237;fica em rela&#231;&#227;o ao modelo biom&#233;dico vigente; e pela maior responsabilidade pol&#237;tica e ideol&#243;gica dos gestores. Essas transforma&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o potenciais construtoras de v&#237;nculos, aproximando quem oferece o cuidado de quem o recebe, a partir de atitudes solid&#225;rias que implicam se colocar no n&#237;vel da outra pessoa e deix&#225;-la ser ela mesma.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>UNIVERSIDADE: ESPA&#199;O DE ENCONTRO ENTRE SABERES E PROPOSITORA DE MUDAN&#199;AS</title>
        <p>A universidade deve ser um espa&#231;o, por excel&#234;ncia, de encontro, constru&#231;&#227;o e abertura aos diferentes e novos saberes. A abertura ao outro &#233; o sentido profundo da democratiza&#231;&#227;o do acesso &#224; universidade e da perman&#234;ncia nela. Em uma sociedade cuja quantidade e qualidade de vida se assentam em configura&#231;&#245;es cada vez mais complexas de saberes, a universidade s&#243; &#233; leg&#237;tima quando cumpre as atividade de extens&#227;o, com integralidade das atividades de investiga&#231;&#227;o e ensino<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Sendo assim, &#233; premente que a universidade possibilite espa&#231;os de intera&#231;&#227;o com a comunidade, no sentido de identificar os principais problemas de pesquisa e, a partir de ent&#227;o, estabelecer as prioridades de interven&#231;&#227;o. A sistematiza&#231;&#227;o desse processo de extens&#227;o, desenvolvido de forma cooperativa, deve dar aten&#231;&#227;o privilegiada ao desempenho &#233;tico e de cidadania, &#224; an&#225;lise dos impactos e dos efeitos perversos e, em especial, &#224; aprendizagem contextualizada e dial&#243;gica, com base em novos e diferentes saberes e pr&#225;ticas.</p>
        <p>A universidade &#233; a institui&#231;&#227;o que, na sociedade contempor&#226;nea, melhor pode assumir o papel de empreendedora social, cujo sucesso reside na capacidade de fazer as coisas diferentemente e agregar valor e capital social pela capacidade de articular e democratizar os saberes te&#243;rico-pr&#225;ticos<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>. Com o aumento da complexidade social e da interdepend&#234;ncia entre os diferentes subsistemas sociais, os riscos e os custos da inova&#231;&#227;o social ser&#227;o cada vez maiores, exigindo projetos sociais propositores e inovadores em sua forma de pensar e agir tanto individual quanto coletivamente.</p>
        <p>Corrobora essa ideia<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>)</sup> o argumento do potencial empreendedor da universidade, ao destacar a sua autonomia e o fato de dispor de mecanismos relativamente distanciados das press&#245;es do mercado e crescente rigidez social. A universidade necessita promover coliga&#231;&#245;es pol&#237;ticas com os grupos e as organiza&#231;&#245;es em que a mem&#243;ria da inova&#231;&#227;o esteja ainda presente, possibilitando a democratiza&#231;&#227;o da sociedade. Transgredindo a ordem convencional de que a extens&#227;o/inser&#231;&#227;o universit&#225;ria decorre do ensino e da pesquisa, a acep&#231;&#227;o institucional da Unifra &#233; de que a extens&#227;o universit&#225;ria se configura como um processo que traz para a universidade tanto os problemas quanto os conhecimentos gerados nos mais variados segmentos da realidade. Trata-se de um processo educativo interativo que compreende uma concep&#231;&#227;o de universidade voltada para a realidade, com o objetivo de, atrav&#233;s da pesquisa, intervir nessa realidade e realimentar o processo de ensino para a forma&#231;&#227;o do enfermeiro<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Uma importante coliga&#231;&#227;o a ser fortalecida e encorajada nesse &#226;mbito de discuss&#245;es est&#225; relacionada ao apoio institucional no SUS, norteado por princ&#237;pios e diretrizes que o destacam entre os maiores e mais inovadores sistemas do mundo. O seu car&#225;ter inovador se expressa sobretudo pela concep&#231;&#227;o ampliada de sa&#250;de, pela supera&#231;&#227;o gradual do modelo biologicista centrado na doen&#231;a e pelo forte impacto na promo&#231;&#227;o e prote&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de<sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>)</sup>.</p>
        <p>Nesse processo de constru&#231;&#227;o e consolida&#231;&#227;o do SUS, a universidade se constitui em um importante espa&#231;o de encontro entre saberes, constru&#231;&#227;o e/ou reconstru&#231;&#227;o de cen&#225;rios te&#243;rico-pr&#225;ticos, e em espa&#231;o gerador e propositor de mudan&#231;as no &#226;mbito cultural, social e econ&#244;mico. Logo, &#233; importante que a academia desenvolva processos educativos que articulem a forma&#231;&#227;o profissional do enfermeiro com as necessidades e demandas da sociedade.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONSIDERA&#199;&#213;ES FINAIS</title>
        <p>O processo educativo te&#243;rico-pr&#225;tico da enfermagem inserido na realidade das fam&#237;lias e comunidades se constitui em uma importante iniciativa para a constru&#231;&#227;o de uma cultura voltada para o respeito aos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana, aberta &#224;s diferen&#231;as e orientada para os interesses e necessidades de todos os cidad&#227;os. Contudo, mais do que criar uma nova proposta, &#233; preciso re-significar e organizar o saber, o conhecer, o fazer, o viver juntos e o ser, embasados em novos referenciais capazes de criar espa&#231;os educativos favor&#225;veis para a constru&#231;&#227;o de sujeitos pensantes, solid&#225;rios e comprometidos com a cidadania e o bem-estar social.</p>
        <p>Essa inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade busca, embora num contexto de contradi&#231;&#227;o e incerteza, perceber a conex&#227;o &#237;ntima entre pesquisa e extens&#227;o e produzir um movimento real de mudan&#231;a na forma&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica, superando a dissocia&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica entre universidade e realidade.</p>
        <p>A inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade se constitui, portanto, em uma estrat&#233;gia empreendedora e propositora de mudan&#231;as, pelo alcance mais efetivo e resolutivo das quest&#245;es de sa&#250;de propostas pelo SUS. Assim, enquanto estrat&#233;gia de democratiza&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas de gest&#227;o e aten&#231;&#227;o no SUS, a inser&#231;&#227;o da universidade na comunidade possibilita, acima de tudo, a ressignifica&#231;&#227;o e organiza&#231;&#227;o do saber, do conhecer, do fazer, do viver juntos e do ser, com base em novos referenciais, pelo fomento de espa&#231;os educativos favor&#225;veis &#224; constru&#231;&#227;o de sujeitos pensantes, cr&#237;ticos, solid&#225;rios e comprometidos com a cidadania e o bem-estar social.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>AGRADECIMENTOS</title>
        <p>Agradecemos o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPQ) pelo apoio ao projeto &#8220;O cuidado de enfermagem como pr&#225;tica socialmente empreendedora&#8221;, processo n&#186; 302103/2017-1.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
